Etudes préliminaires sur la concurrence entre Solanum nigrum ssp. eu‐nigrum L. (morelle noire) et Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomate) en culture repiquée

Maillet, J.; AbdElfatah, Heba-Alla S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1983.tb00540.x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Annual nightshade species have become important weeds of tomatoes in parts of the United States, Canada, and France (1,6,8,11). They are difficult to control with selective herbicides in Solanaceous crops such as tomatoes because of their similar growth habit and physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, they must be removed from the crop by cultivation and hand hoeing. Nightshade can be particularly problematic when tomatoes are direct seeded rather than transplanted, because of the seedlings' delayed development and sensitivity to herbicides before the four-leaf stage (6,12,15). Field-seeded tomatoes have a longer 'critical period' 1 Received for publication June 2, 1986, and in revised form September 9, 1986.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Yield Losses of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) Caused by Nightshade (Solanumspp.) Interference

Weaver¹,

Smits²,

Tan

1987

Weed sci.

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Reductions in yields of processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘H2653’ and ‘Earlirouge′) caused by interference from eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthumDun. # SOLPT) and hairy nighthsade (S. sarrachoidesSendt. # SOLSA) were estimated for transplanted and seeded tomatoes at two locations in southern Ontario. Tomato yield losses were significantly greater in seeded than in transplanted tomatoes. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rates of seeded tomatoes decreased more rapidly with increased nightshade density than did those of transplanted tomatoes. Percent yield losses also differed between sites. Seeded tomatoes grown at high density in twin rows (33 300 and 45 000 plants/ha) had higher yields and lower percent yield losses than did tomatoes grown at low density in single rows (12 500 to 22 500 plants/ha). Nightshade dry weight and seed production decreased per plant but increased per unit area with increasing nightshade density. Nightshade dry weights and seed production did not vary with site or method of tomato establishment. A hyperbolic model provided an excellent fit to data on both tomato yield losses and nightshade seed production as a function of nightshade density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Yield Losses of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) Caused by Nightshade (Solanumspp.) Interference

Weaver¹,

Smits²,

Tan

1987

Weed sci.

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“…In general, competition for resources does not reduce crop stand, but reduces marketable yield by affecting the number, weight, or quality of tomatoes (Lange et al, 1986, McGiffen et al, 1992aPerez and Masiunas, 1990;. Nightshade interference decreases the number of fruit, but not the average fruit weight (Maillet and Abdul-Fatah, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Path Analysis of Tomato Yield Components in Relation to Competition with Black and Eastern Black Nightshade

McGiffen¹,

Pantone²,

Masiunas³

1994

jashs

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Path analysis is a statistical method for determining the magnitude and direction of multiple effects on a complex process. We used path analysis to assess 1) the impact of black nightshade(Solarium nigrum L.) or eastern black nightshade(Solarium ptycanthum Dun.) competition on the yield components of `Heinz 6004' processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and 2) the relationship between tomato yield components and total and marketable yield. Either black or eastern black nightshade was interplanted with tomatoes at population densities from 0 to 4.8/m2. Path analysis revealed that increasing weed population density led directly to fewer green and total fruit per plant, two components of marketable yield. However, the percentage of culls per plant and fruit weight were not affected by nightshade population density. Using correlation coefficients alone would have lead to the erroneous conclusion that the percentage of culls did not affect marketable yield; our path analysis demonstrated that decreasing the percentage of culls through breeding or cultural practices will strongly affect marketable yield. The total number of fruit was the most important yield component in determining total and marketable yields per plant. Breeding and management practices that maximize fruit set, increase maturity at harvest, and decrease the percentage of culls would be expected to increase marketable yield.

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“…Outros trabalhos da literatura (Brânthome et al, 1987;Jacquard & Abd Elfatah, 1988) constataram que podem permanecer até o início da floração seis plantas de erva-moira por metro quadrado, fase a partir da qual a cultura deve estar isenta de infestantes. Contrariamente, outros resultados (Maillet & Abd Elfatah, 1983;Domato & Montemurro, 1986;Weaver et al, 1987;Caussanel, 1989;Brânthome, 1994) indicam que o período crítico decorre a partir do início da floração do tomateiro, independentemente do nível de infestação.…”

Section: Resultados Parciaisunclassified

Impacto da erva-moira na produção do tomateiro e ajuste de modelos matemáticos

Portugal

Moreira²

2009

Planta daninha

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RESUMO -Modelos matemáticos são úteis para estimar o impacto das infestantes nas culturas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: elucidar a interação de Solanum nigrum (ervamoira ou maria-pretinha) com o tomateiro no sistema de sementeira direta e transplantado; e avaliar o impacto de diferentes densidades de infestação e períodos de tempo de competição na quantidade de frutos do tomateiro. Entre os anos 1991 e 2001, foram conduzidos cinco experimentos em campo na região tomaticultora de Portugal. Os experimentos seguiram o método aditivo, mantendo-se constante a densidade da cultura, enquanto o número de ervas-moiras variou entre 0 e 6 plantas m -2 . Outro fator avaliado foi o período de convivência da infestante na cultura, incluindo os períodos do transplante/semeadura e o início da floração até a colheita. Os resultados de perda de produção foram ajustados aos modelos linear e hiperbólico. O comportamento das perdas de produção nas densidades mais baixas de erva-moira é do tipo linear. A erva-moira é uma espécie muito competitiva em relação ao tomateiro tanto quando a cultura é semeada quanto quando é transplantada. As perdas de produção foram maiores quando a cultura foi semeada, em comparação com a transplantada.Palavras-chave: competição, modelo linear, modelo hiperbólico.ABSTRACT -Mathematical models are useful for estimating the impact of weeds on crops. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the interaction of Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) with tomato plants in direct and transplanted sowing and to evaluate the impact of different infestation densities and competition time periods on tomato plant production. Between 1991 and 2001, five field experiments were conducted in the tomato growing region of Portugal using the additive method, keeping crop density constant, while changing the number of weeds from 0 and 6 plants m -2 . The weed and crop coexistence period was also evaluated, from transplantation/sowing to the beginning of flowering or until harvest. The tomato yield loss results were fitted to linear and hyperbolic models. Yield losses at the lowest densities of black nightshade follow a linear model. Black nightshade is a highly competitive species in relation to the tomato plant either when the crop is sown or when it is transplanted. Production losses were higher when the crop was sown than when it was transplanted.

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Etudes préliminaires sur la concurrence entre Solanum nigrum ssp. eu‐nigrum L. (morelle noire) et Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomate) en culture repiquée

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Estimating Yield Losses of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) Caused by Nightshade (Solanumspp.) Interference

Estimating Yield Losses of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) Caused by Nightshade (Solanumspp.) Interference

Path Analysis of Tomato Yield Components in Relation to Competition with Black and Eastern Black Nightshade

Impacto da erva-moira na produção do tomateiro e ajuste de modelos matemáticos

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