Eugenol and clove leaf oil: A survey of consumer patch-test sensitization

Rothenstein, A.S.; Booman, K.A.; Dorsky, J.; Kohrman, K.A.; Schwoeppe, E.A.; Sedlak, Richard; Steltenkamp, R.J.; Thompson, G.R.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(83)90204-1

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Eugenol, present in a household product at a concentration of 0.05%, has been shown to induce hypersensitivity, while a fragrance blend containing 0.09% eugenol has been shown to elicit a reaction in a patch test (Rothenstein et al 1983). While we recognize that cytotoxicity studies in isolated cells are not fully analogous to the in vivo situation, studies have also identified other potentially harmful effects of eugenol in vivo at similar low concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Eugenol and clove leaf oil are extensively used in fragrance and flavour formulations as they have a powerful, warm, spicy aroma and have been in widespread use in the United States since before 1900. The soap and detergent industry is a major user of both materials, and eugenol typically finds use in such products at concentrations in the range of 0.05-0.1% (v/v) (Rothenstein et al . 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells

2006

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The essential oil extracted from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is used as a topical application to relieve pain and promote healing in herbal medicine and also finds use in the fragrance and flavouring industries. Clove oil has two major components, eugenol and beta-caryophyllene, which constitute 78% and 13% of the oil, respectively. Clove oil and these components are generally recognized as 'safe', but the in-vitro study here demonstrates cytotoxic properties of both the oil and eugenol, towards human fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Clove oil was found to be highly cytotoxic at concentrations as low as 0.03% (v/v) with up to 73% of this effect attributable to eugenol. beta-caryophyllene did not exhibit any cytotoxic activity, indicating that other cytotoxic components may also exist within the parent oil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells

2006

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“…It should be emphasized that the doses that displayed antiulcer activity are much lower than the DL 50 . In addition, Rothenstein et al (1983) reported the low potential of eugenol and clove oil to cause allergic reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gastroprotective activity of essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum and its major component eugenol in different animal models

Santin

Lemos

Klein‐Júnior

et al. 2010

Naunyn-Schmied Arch Pharmacol

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Syzygium aromaticum, a medicinal plant commonly known as clove, is used to treat toothache, respiratory disorders, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders. From the flower buds of S. aromaticum, it is possible to obtain an essential oil comprised of a mixture of aliphatic and cyclic volatile terpenes and phenylpropanoids, being eugenol as the main component. The aims of this study were: (1) to extract the essential oil of the flower buds of S. aromaticum, (2) to identify and quantify the main component of the essential oil, and (3) to evaluate its antiulcer activity using different animal models. Assays were performed using the following protocols in rats: indomethacin-induced and ethanol/HCl-induced ulcer model. Both essential oils from S. aromaticum and eugenol displayed antiulcer activities in the rat models of indomethacin- and ethanol-induced ulcer. Studies focusing on the possible mechanisms of gastroprotection were also undertaken using the following experiments: evaluation of gastric secretion by the pylorus-ligated model, determination of mucus in gastric content, participation of nitric oxide (NO) and endogenous sulfhydryl in gastric protection. The results show that there was no significant effect on the volume of gastric juice and total acidity. However, the quantification of free gastric mucus showed that the clove oil and eugenol were capable of significantly enhancing mucus production. With regard to the NO and endogenous sulfhydryls, the results demonstrated that the gastroprotection induced by clove oil and eugenol are not related to the activities of the nitric oxide and endogenous sulfhydryls. No sign of toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity study. In conclusion, the results of this study show that essential oil of S. aromaticum, as well as its main component (eugenol), possesses antiulcer activity. The data suggest that the effectiveness of the essential oil and eugenol is based on its ability to stimulate the synthesis of mucus, an important gastroprotective factor. However, further pharmacological and toxicological investigations are required to enable its use for the treatment of gastric ulcer.

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“…6 Cinnamates are found in cinnamon, cassia, citrus peel, tomato, anise, bay leaves, and basil. 7 Eugenol is primarily extracted from clove plants, 8 but it is also found in basil, 9 cinnamon, 6 Cinnamomum tamala, 10 dill, 11 lemon balm, 12 nutmeg, 13 bay leaves, 14 vanilla, 15 anise, and oregano. 6 Eugenol Clove leaf oil and cinnamon leaf oil may contain more than 90% eugenol.…”

Section: Cinnamic Aldehyde and Cinnamic Alcohol Avoidance Recommendatmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Directive Fragrances in Natural Products

Scheman¹,

Scheman²,

Rakowski³

2014

Dermatitis

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Information on the presence of European Directive fragrance (EUF) allergens in plants and foods is important for numerous reasons. If an individual is allergic to an EUF and is avoiding fragrance, it is possible that they may still be exposed to the allergen in a natural product. In addition, because many of these allergens are also found in foods, it is possible that ingestion of a food containing the allergen may induce systemic contact allergy. Finally, individuals with lip dermatitis may react to contact with foods that contain the allergen. In this article, we have used the data available to identify which plants and foods contain EUF. When available, concentrations of EUF in natural products are provided. The goal of this article is to narrow down the list of botanicals to avoid for specific EUF allergies.

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Eugenol and clove leaf oil: A survey of consumer patch-test sensitization

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells

Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells

Gastroprotective activity of essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum and its major component eugenol in different animal models

European Directive Fragrances in Natural Products

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