European Roe Deer Increase Vigilance When Faced with Immediate Predation Risk by Eurasian Lynx

Eccard, Jana A.; Meißner, Jessica K.; Heurich, Marco

doi:10.1111/eth.12420

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 72 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Detection of a threat triggers flight responses modulated by sighting distance and habitat (Bonnot et al 2017). Roe deer are more vigilant in response to episodic risk (Benhaiem et al 2008, Eccard et al 2017. When hunted, roe deer may use refugia (Grignolio et al 2011) and alter habitat selection between daytime and nighttime (Bonnot et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement responses of roe deer to hunting risk

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Large herbivores respond to fluctuations in predation and hunting risk. The temporal scale of risk heterogeneity affects behavioral responses and determines the usefulness of metrics to quantify them. We present a conceptual framework to link anti‐predator responses to risk fluctuations and appropriate metrics, based on temporal scale. We applied this framework to investigate movement responses of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to hunting risk, measured using movement rate and home range size. Because movements are also affected by reproductive phases, we considered potential effects of the rut in parallel to hunting risk. We compared movements of male and female roe deer in a protected site versus 2 hunted sites during and outside the hunting season and rut. We detected differences in movement rates in response to different hunting management practices. We did not detect effects for hunting regimes or between sexes during the rut when using home range size as the response variable. During the hunting season, movement rates were lower in the hunted sites than in the protected site, irrespective of sex. We did not observe differences in movement rates among sites outside of the hunting season. Males had higher movement rates than females during the rut in only 1 site. Our findings supported the hypothesis that roe deer decrease movements when exposed to high hunting risk. The effect of the rut on movements was negligible except for 1 study site. We suggest that movement rate is a more useful metric than home range size for assessing movement responses to hunting. © 2018 The Wildlife Society

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement responses of roe deer to hunting risk

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly elk in the Yellowstone NP did not show wolves avoidance in winter (Mao et al ) and were suggested to rely on alternative anti‐predator strategies such as higher vigilance. Roe deer in the BFNP also showed small scales behavioural responses by increasing vigilance when confronted with pulses of high predation risk (Eccard et al ). At large spatial and temporal scales roe deer select habitats providing high quality forage over those decreasing predation risk (Samelius et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Migration has been found to be one strategy of ungulates to access high quality or abundant forage at all seasons (Hebblewhite and Merrill , Zweifel‐Schielly et al , van Beest et al , Cagnacci et al ). At a finer temporal scale, behavioural decisions are governed by short‐term responses to immediate stimuli, such as the circadian rhythm (Ensing et al ), rumination cycles in some herbivore species (Kamler et al ), weather (Ewald et al ), olfactory cues (Eccard et al ), or disturbance (Ciuti et al ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in moose Alces alces, forage availability was associated with habitat use at the landscape scale but not 2010, Cagnacci et al 2011). At a finer temporal scale, behavioural decisions are governed by short-term responses to immediate stimuli, such as the circadian rhythm (Ensing et al 2014), rumination cycles in some herbivore species (Kamler et al 2007), weather (Ewald et al 2014b), olfactory cues (Eccard et al 2015), or disturbance (Ciuti et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Habitat selection by a large herbivore at multiple spatial and temporal scales is primarily governed by food resources

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Habitat selection can be considered as a hierarchical process in which animals satisfy their habitat requirements at different ecological scales. Theory predicts that spatial and temporal scales should co‐vary in most ecological processes and that the most limiting factors should drive habitat selection at coarse ecological scales, but be less influential at finer scales. Using detailed location data on roe deer Capreolus capreolus inhabiting the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany, we investigated habitat selection at several spatial and temporal scales. We tested 1) whether time‐varying patterns were governed by factors reported as having the largest effects on fitness, 2) whether the trade‐off between forage and predation risks differed among spatial and temporal scales and 3) if spatial and temporal scales are positively associated. We analysed the variation in habitat selection within the landscape and within home ranges at monthly intervals, with respect to land‐cover type and proxys of food and cover over seasonal and diurnal temporal scales. The fine‐scale temporal variation follows a nycthemeral cycle linked to diurnal variation in human disturbance. The large‐scale variation matches seasonal plant phenology, suggesting food resources being a greater limiting factor than lynx predation risk. The trade‐off between selection for food and cover was similar on seasonal and diurnal scale. Habitat selection at the different scales may be the consequence of the temporal variation and predictability of the limiting factors as much as its association with fitness. The landscape of fear might have less importance at the studied scale of habitat selection than generally accepted because of the predator hunting strategy. Finally, seasonal variation in habitat selection was similar at the large and small spatial scales, which may arise because of the marked philopatry of roe deer. The difference is supposed to be greater for wider ranging herbivores.

show abstract

“…Living in groups has additional demonstrable benefits, such as improved predator detection (Kie, ; Lima, ; Pulliam, ), reduced probability of being predated once detected (dilution and confusion effects; Lehtonen & Jaatinen, ), and less individual time allocated to vigilance (collective vigilance; Lima & Dill, ; Childress & Lung, ; Creel et al., ). Habitat structure can shape predator–prey interactions through changes in visibility and the presence of either cover refuges or escape impediments (Eccard, Meißner, & Heurich, ; Jarman, ; Ripple & Beschta, ). In this sense, habitat openness will set the maximum group size, while predation risk will limit the minimum size (Jarman, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator occurrence and perceived predation risk determine grouping behavior in guanaco (Lama guanicoe)

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Grouping behavior of social ungulates may depend on both predator occurrence and perceived predation risk associated with habitat structure, reproductive state, and density of conspecifics. Over 3 years, we studied grouping behavior of guanaco (Lama guanicoe) families in Chilean Patagonia during the birthing season and determined their response to variation in predator occurrence and perceived predation risk (habitat structure, calf/adult rate, and density of conspecifics). We considered the effect of two predators, puma (Puma concolor) and culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus). We measured two common (family group size and vigilance) and one novel (family group cohesion) behavioral responses of guanaco. Our results show that guanaco family groups adapted their grouping behavior to both predator occurrence and perceived predation risk. Larger family groups were found in open habitats and areas with high puma occurrence, while guanacos stayed in small family groups in areas with high shrub cover or low visibility. Group cohesion increased in areas with higher occurrence of pumas and culpeo foxes, and also increased in smaller family groups and in areas with low guanaco density. Vigilance (number of vigilant adults) was mainly related to group size and visibility, increasing in areas with low visibility, while residual vigilance (vigilance after removing the group‐size effect) did not vary with the explanatory variables examined. Our results suggest that a mix of predator occurrence and perceived predation risk influences guanaco grouping behavior and highlights the importance of evaluating different antipredator responses together and considering all predator species in studies aimed at understanding ungulate behavior.

show abstract

European Roe Deer Increase Vigilance When Faced with Immediate Predation Risk by Eurasian Lynx

Cited by 25 publications

References 72 publications

Movement responses of roe deer to hunting risk

Movement responses of roe deer to hunting risk

Habitat selection by a large herbivore at multiple spatial and temporal scales is primarily governed by food resources

Predator occurrence and perceived predation risk determine grouping behavior in guanaco (Lama guanicoe)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About