European summer temperatures since Roman times

Luterbacher, Jürg; Werner, Johannes P.; Smerdon, Jason E.; Fernández-Donado, Laura; González-Rouco, J. Fidel; Barriopedro, David; Ljungqvist, F. C.; Büntgen, Ulf; Zorita, Eduardo; Wagner, Sebastian; Esper, Jan; McCarroll, Danny; Toreti, Andrea; Frank, David; Jungclaus, Johann; Barriendos, Mariano; Bertolin, Chiara; Bothe, Oliver; Brázdil, Rudolf; Camuffo, Dario; Dobrovolný, Petr; Gagen, Mary; García‐Bustamante, Elena; Ge, Quansheng; Gómez-Navarro, Juan José; Guiot, Joël; Hao, Zhixin; Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Holmgren, Karin; Клименко, В. В.; Martı́n-Chivelet, Javier; Pfister, Christian; Roberts, Neil; Schindler, Anne; Schurer, Andrew; Solomina, Olga; Gunten, Lucien von; Wahl, Eugene R.; Wanner, Heinz; Wetter, Oliver; Xoplaki, Elena; Yuan, Naiming; Zanchettin, Davide; Zhang, H.; Zerefos, C.

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024001

Cited by 322 publications

(364 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…In addition, considering that the inter-annual variability of the final 3P-STREC was underestimated, more extreme warm years have probably occurred in the past. These findings are consistent with the fact that the MCA and the LIA were not necessarily synchronous everywhere in the World, and their intensity also varied spatially (Luterbacher et al 2016;Mann et al 2009). These spatial variations could be explained by regional climate feedbacks, such as those related to the Greenland sea ice and Labrador current dynamics in the case of the Quebec-Labrador peninsula (Miller et al 2012;Schleussner and Feulner 2013;Stenchikov et al 2009;Zanchettin et al 2012;Zhong et al 2011).…”

Section: Final Reconstructionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Bayesian multiproxy temperature reconstruction with black spruce ring widths and stable isotopes from the northern Quebec taiga

et al. 2017

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Section: Final Reconstructionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Bayesian multiproxy temperature reconstruction with black spruce ring widths and stable isotopes from the northern Quebec taiga

et al. 2017

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“…These individual evaluations of climate evolution over Iberia, and compiled ones (e.g., Moreno et al, 2011;Sánchez-López et al, 2016), reveal multi-decadal to centennial climate variability in accordance with the main patterns identified for the Northern Hemisphere (Ahmed et al, 2013;Büntgen et al, 2011;Cook et al, 2004;Esper et al, 2002;Luterbacher et al, 2016;Moberg et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The climate of the Common Era off the Iberian Peninsula

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The Mediterranean region is a climate hot spot, sensitive not only to global warming but also to water availability. In this work we document major temperature and precipitation changes in the Iberian Peninsula and margin during the last 2000 years and propose an interplay of the North Atlantic internal variability with the three atmospheric circulation modes (ACMs), (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), east atlantic (EA) and Scandinavia (SCAND)) to explain the detected climate variability.We present reconstructions of sea surface temperature (SST derived from alkenones) and on-land precipitation (estimated from higher plant n-alkanes and pollen data) in sedimentary sequences recovered along the Iberian Margin between the south of Portugal (Algarve) and the northwest of Spain (Galiza) (36 to 42 • N).A clear long-term cooling trend, from 0 CE to the

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“…Briffa and Jones (1992) classified just the summer of 1816 as extreme in that particular decade in Europe. This was also clearly demonstrated in summer temperature responses over the whole of Europe for the three post-Tambora years by Luterbacher et al (2016;see SOM Fig. S15).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Climatic effects and impacts of the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in the Czech Lands

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 was one of the most powerful of its kind in recorded history. This contribution addresses climatic responses to it, the post-eruption weather, and its impacts on human life in the Czech Lands. The climatic effects are evaluated in terms of air temperature and precipitation on the basis of long-term homogenised series from the Prague-Klementinum and Brno meteorological stations, and mean Czech series in the short term (1810–1820) and long term (1800–2010). This analysis is complemented by other climatic and environmental data derived from rich documentary evidence. Czech documentary sources make no direct mention of the Tambora eruption, neither do they relate any particular weather phenomena to it, but they record an extremely wet summer for 1815 and an extremely cold summer for 1816 (the "Year Without a Summer") that contributed to bad grain harvests and widespread grain price increases in 1817. Possible reasons for the cold summers in the first decade of the 19th century reflected in the contemporary press included comets, sunspot activity, long-term cooling and finally – as late as 1817 – earthquakes with volcanic eruptions.

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European summer temperatures since Roman times

Cited by 322 publications

References 96 publications

Bayesian multiproxy temperature reconstruction with black spruce ring widths and stable isotopes from the northern Quebec taiga

Bayesian multiproxy temperature reconstruction with black spruce ring widths and stable isotopes from the northern Quebec taiga

The climate of the Common Era off the Iberian Peninsula

Climatic effects and impacts of the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in the Czech Lands

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