Europium and Glycopolymer-Modified Silica Nanoparticles on Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Bacterial Targeting, Imaging, and Ablation

Abstract

The bacterial imaging and ablation with high specificity are urgent issues to be addressed in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infection in clinic. The construction of an antibacterial system which integrates multiple functions, such as bacterial targeting, imaging, and bacteria-killing capability, has been a feasible strategy. In this study, europium, with excellent fluorescence imaging performance, and poly­[2-(methacrylamido) glucopyranose] (pMAG), with the ability of targeting and anchoring onto the Escherichia coli K12 (E. coli K12) strain, were adopted to construct a two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP)-based nanoplatform for the target imaging of bacteria and anti-infection treatment. First silica nanoparticles (SiO2) were prepared by the Stöber method and further modified by pMAG and Eu3+ via the free radical polymerization coupled with the ion exchange. After the P–Eu coordination formed between Eu3+ and BP, the final multifunctional nanoplatform (i.e., pMAG/pVAE@SiO2-BP) was achieved. The strong characteristic emission and fluorescence properties of Eu3+ in pMAG/pVAE@SiO2-BP were confirmed by luminescence measurement. In addition, pMAG/pVAE@SiO2-BP co-cultured with bacteria could target E. coli K12, which exhibited a distinct red fluorescence. Antibacterial experiments proved the targeted antibacterial ability of pMAG/pVAE@SiO2-BP against E. coli K12. We believe that this as-proposed multifunctional BP-based nanoplatform owns promising potential for future diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infection disease.

Glycopolymers against pathogen infection

“…Recently, Liu and co-workers 198 grafted polymannose glycopolymers on silica nanoparticles that were further modified by europium as a fluorescent marker. The particles showed distinct fluorescence, but in presence of black phosphorus nanosheets, the fluorescence was attenuated due to the coordination between europium and phosphorous.…”

Photoresponsive Nanoarchitectonics Based on Copper-Porphyrins for Near-Infrared-Enhanced Bacterial Treatment

“…Moreover, metal-porphyrin-modified nanoarchitectonics can enhance the bacterial affinity and destruction of cell walls due to the hydrophobic positively charged polycrystalline surface . Biocomparable BP can be converted to phosphate species for bacterial ablation. , Meanwhile, metal-doped BP can catalyze H 2 O 2 to generate hydroxyl radicals for bacterial eradication in hypoxic conditions . Therefore, the combination of metal-doped BP and porphyrin-based nanoarchitectonics presents an effective method for bacterial infection treatment in low oxygen environments.…”

“… 20 Biocomparable BP can be converted to phosphate species for bacterial ablation. 21 , 22 Meanwhile, metal-doped BP can catalyze H 2 O 2 to generate hydroxyl radicals for bacterial eradication in hypoxic conditions. 17 Therefore, the combination of metal-doped BP and porphyrin-based nanoarchitectonics presents an effective method for bacterial infection treatment in low oxygen environments.…”

Europium- and Black Phosphorus-Functionalized Porphyrin as an l-Arginine Sensor and l-Arginine-Activated PDT/PTT Agent for Bacterial Treatment

“…Lanthanide complexes have wide utility as biomarkers for clinical diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging . Metal-bearing nanomaterials not only have the advantages of controllability and efficiency but also can reduce the development of bacterial resistance .…”

“…Lanthanide complexes have wide utility as biomarkers for clinical diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging. 25 Metalbearing nanomaterials not only have the advantages of controllability and efficiency but also can reduce the development of bacterial resistance. 26 The europium ion (Eu 3+ ) has shown strong coordinative capacity with the carboxylic group and can be easily reduced to a divalent state than other lanthanide ions.…”