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The bacterial imaging and ablation with high specificity are urgent issues to be addressed in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infection in clinic. The construction of an antibacterial system which integrates multiple functions, such as bacterial targeting, imaging, and bacteria-killing capability, has been a feasible strategy. In this study, europium, with excellent fluorescence imaging performance, and poly­[2-(methacrylamido) glucopyranose] (pMAG), with the ability of targeting and anchoring onto the Escherichia coli K12 (E. coli K12) strain, were adopted to construct a two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP)-based nanoplatform for the target imaging of bacteria and anti-infection treatment. First silica nanoparticles (SiO2) were prepared by the Stöber method and further modified by pMAG and Eu3+ via the free radical polymerization coupled with the ion exchange. After the P–Eu coordination formed between Eu3+ and BP, the final multifunctional nanoplatform (i.e., pMAG/pVAE@SiO2-BP) was achieved. The strong characteristic emission and fluorescence properties of Eu3+ in pMAG/pVAE@SiO2-BP were confirmed by luminescence measurement. In addition, pMAG/pVAE@SiO2-BP co-cultured with bacteria could target E. coli K12, which exhibited a distinct red fluorescence. Antibacterial experiments proved the targeted antibacterial ability of pMAG/pVAE@SiO2-BP against E. coli K12. We believe that this as-proposed multifunctional BP-based nanoplatform owns promising potential for future diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infection disease.

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Conductive hydrogels have shown great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering, owing to their electroactive, mechanical and chemical properties. However, it still remains as a challenge to incorporate other functions into conductive hydrogels, such as antibacterial ability, controllable drug release, and biodegradability. In this study, a black phosphorus‐based conductive hydrogel (HA‐DA@BP) was prepared by an amidation reaction coupled with a coordination of Fe3+‐catechol. The hydrogel could be changed from the sol phase to the gel phase under electrical stimulus (ES). The results showed that BP could be released under slight acidity, which was cell compatible but could achieve synergistic electrical antibacterial action and promote wound healing. This study proves that BP is a strong candidate for electroactive materials and provides a new insight for the development of BP‐based biomedical materials in skin tissue engineering.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Biomimetic membrane materials have been widely explored and developed for drug loading and tissue engineering applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and abundant reaction sites. However, novel cytomembrane mimics have been lacking for a long time. In this study, black phosphorus (BP) was used as the foundation for a new generation of promising cytomembrane mimics due to its multiple similarities to cytomembranes. Inspired by the dual function of endotoxins on membranes, we prepared a BP-based cytomembrane mimic with controllable antibacterial ability via electrostatic interaction between BP and [1-pentyl-1-quaternary ammonium-3-vinyl-imidazole]Br ([PQVI]­Br). The release of PQVI could be manipulated in different conditions by adjusting the electrostatic force, thereby achieving controllable antibacterial ability. This report confirms the possibility of using BP as a new material to mimic cytomembranes and provides a new concept of controllable antibacterial action based on endotoxins.