Eurytemora carolleeae in the Laurentian Great Lakes revealed by phylogenetic and morphological analysis

Vasquez, Adrian A.; Hudson, Patrick L.; Fujimoto, Masanori; Keeler, Kevin M.; Armenio, Patricia M.; Ram, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.001

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The DNA was purified from the tissue samples using DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kits (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), as in previous studies from our laboratory (Vasquez et al. ). Briefly, small (~25‐mg) pieces cut from the tissue samples were placed in 180 μL of Buffer ATL (catalog number, 19076; Qiagen).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplification of all DNA samples was done using a standard PCR protocol described by Vasquez et al. (), but with annealing temperatures adjusted to the specific primer set. The annealing temperatures varied among experiments based on the predicted annealing temperatures provided by Primer 3, and in some experiments we tried other temperatures to increase (or decrease) the specificity of primer annealing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primer Designs for Identification and Environmental DNA (eDNA) Detection of Gars

Farley

Vasquez

Kik³

et al. 2018

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Gars (family Lepisosteidae) play important roles as apex predators in freshwater ecosystems, helping to balance fish populations. Several gar species are exploited as food and game fish, and some species are classified as vulnerable due to habitat loss. New molecular techniques to detect, monitor, and identify environmental DNA (eDNA) from gars might help inform management and conservation efforts for these interesting fish. The goal of this project was to develop and test PCR primers for gars, using specimens of all seven gar species, which are on exhibit at the Belle Isle Aquarium in Detroit, Michigan. Focusing on the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase I, we first designed primers to amplify DNA from all species of gars (“universal gar primers”) and confirmed their specificity in silico. These primers amplified DNA from all seven species, and species identities were confirmed by sequencing the PCR products. Only one of the three ostensibly Shortnose Gar Lepisosteus platostomus specimens sampled exhibited a Shortnose Gar matriline; two other specimens may be Longnose Gar L. osseus × Shortnose Gar hybrids. Genus‐targeted primers were developed that amplified all Atractosteus species and two of four Lepisosteus species. Species‐specific primers were developed for Longnose Gar, Shortnose Gar, and Tropical Gar Atractosteus tropicus. A primer set that targeted Alligator Gar A. spatula also amplified DNA from Cuban Gar A. tristocheus, but not other species. While the universal gar primers followed by sequencing confirmed the identities of all seven gar species at the Belle Isle Aquarium, PCR with the species‐specific primers enabled direct detection of the presence of DNA from the targeted species in the water in which those species had been maintained. Designing these primers is the first step in developing eDNA markers for gars, which in turn could inform the conservation and management of gar populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primer Designs for Identification and Environmental DNA (eDNA) Detection of Gars

Farley

Vasquez

Kik³

et al. 2018

Trans Am Fish Soc

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“…One clade mainly inhabits the inner reaches of the estuary and has invaded the Great Lakes (Winkler et al, 2008;Favier and Winkler, 2014), and has been reported as epi-benthic in the lakes (Torke, 2001). The clade in the Great Lakes have been classified as E. carolleeae by Vasquez et al (2016). The other clade in St. Lawrence is mainly found in the middle parts of the estuary, suggesting that it occupies the pelagic habitat (Winkler et al, 2008;Favier and Winkler, 2014).…”

Section: Common Gardening Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphological traits used to discriminate between E. affinis and E. carolleeae are nonadaptive (Alekseev and Souissi, 2011;Sukhikh et al, 2013;Lajus et al, 2015), and thus unlikely to have any ecosystem effects (Matthews et al, 2011a). Furthermore, taxonomic classification based on morphology alone is not distinct because some key traits overlap between the two species (Sukhikh et al, 2013;Vasquez et al, 2016) and differentiate between E. affinis populations (Sukhikh et al, 2016). Therefore, we use the E. affinis species name throughout and refer to the E. affinis species complex in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Effects of Morphological and Life History Traits in Two Divergent Zooplankton Populations

Karlsson

Winder

2018

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Little is known about the ecosystem effects of locally adapted populations. The filter feeding copepod Eurytemora affinis is an abundant and important zooplankton in coastal waters that consist of a cryptic species complex with locally adapted populations. We used a mesocosm setup to investigate population and ecosystem interactions of two populations from the Baltic Sea with different morphology and life history traits. One population is laterally wider, larger-sized, more fecund, and have higher growth rate than the other. The experimental ecosystems varied in algae community (pelagic algae, and pelagic algae + benthic diatoms) with two resource supply scenarios. Results showed that the large-sized population is a more effective grazer. In low resource supply the small-sized population starved, whereas the large-sized population was unaffected, resulting in a larger population increase of both nauplii and copepodites than for the small-sized population. Addition of benthic diatoms to the pelagic algae community had much more negative effects on the reproduction of the large-sized population. This suggests that the large-sized population feeds near benthic to a greater extent than the small-sized population, and that filamentous benthic diatoms interfere with the grazing process. Despite the negative effects of benthic diatoms, the large-sized population could maintain similar or higher reproduction than the small-sized population. In addition, the high grazing efficiency of the large-sized population resulted in a different community composition of algae. Specifically, flagellated species and small sized benthic diatoms were more grazed upon by the large-sized population. Our results show that morphologically divergent, yet phylogenetically closely related zooplankton populations can have different ecosystem functions, and in turn have different population increase in response to resource supply and algae community.

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“…The species complex has spread multiple times independently from brackish water to freshwater, and established clades in different parts of the world due to its ability to adapt locally (Dodson et al, 2010). There are at least six recognized clades of E. affinis; one clade in Asia, one in Europe, and four in America (Lee, 2000), with recent studies indicating that North American clades represent a separate species (E. carolleeae; Alekseev and Souissi, 2011;Vasquez et al, 2016). Eurytemora in Lake Michigan waters is most common between July and November, being rare in winter and spring (Torke, 2001).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding, survival, and reproduction of two populations of Eurytemora (Copepoda) exposed to local toxic cyanobacteria

Engström‐Öst

Barrett

Brutemark

et al. 2017

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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Understanding lower food web interactions in the Laurentian Great Lakes can be furthered by experimental comparisons among locations with similar ecological stresses, such as harmful algal blooms. Here we compare responses to toxic cyanobacteria by crustacean copepods of the genus Eurytemora from eutrophic coastal regions of Lake Michigan and the Baltic Sea. We measured grazing, survivorship, reproduction, and juvenile (nauplius) size, incubating females in experimental treatments holding good food and mixtures of good food with either cyanobacteria or cyanobacteria filtrate. Animals tested were from Green Bay, Lake Michigan and Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Results showed similarities between copepods in the two study locations; when fed mixtures of cyanobacteria and good food there were no effects in either location on survivorship, grazing rates, or fecundity, but copepods in both sites were most sensitive to good food combined with cyanobacteria filtrate (in absence of cyanobacteria cells). Filtrate exposure significantly reduced grazing by animals in both locations and decreased adult survival and nauplius size in the Baltic experiment, suggesting animals responded to toxins or other compounds entering the water. These responses may be due to direct effects on females or indirect effects from changes in good food quality. Our results also demonstrated a significant trade-off between offspring quantity and quality, being more pronounced when food quality was manipulated by the presence of cyanobacteria cells. These findings further our knowledge of how a widely distributed group like Eurytemora can succeed in the face of changing local selection pressures from natural and anthropogenic stressors.

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Eurytemora carolleeae in the Laurentian Great Lakes revealed by phylogenetic and morphological analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Primer Designs for Identification and Environmental DNA (eDNA) Detection of Gars

Primer Designs for Identification and Environmental DNA (eDNA) Detection of Gars

Ecosystem Effects of Morphological and Life History Traits in Two Divergent Zooplankton Populations

Feeding, survival, and reproduction of two populations of Eurytemora (Copepoda) exposed to local toxic cyanobacteria

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