EVA laminate browning after 5 years in a grid-connected, mirror-assisted, photovoltaic system in the Negev desert: effect on module efficiency

Berman, David H.; Biryukov, S.; Faiman, D.

doi:10.1016/0927-0248(94)00198-7

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The solar irradiance, measured with a calibrated thermopile pyranometer ͑Eppley PSP͒, was found to remain constant, during the test runs, to within approximately Ϯ0.3% at levels that slightly exceeded 1000 W/m 2 . 19 Moreover, under such conditions, the natural sunlight spectrum at Sede Boqer is known to be exceedingly close to the standard AM1.5G spectrum. 20 Because the outdoor solar irradiance level was not, in general, precisely equal to 1000 W/m 2 , it was necessary to adjust the measured values of short-circuit current, I sc , current at the maximum power point, I mpp , and maximum output electrical power, P out , to the STC irradiance value.…”

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Samples were then sent to Petten for accurate indoor studies using a class-A xenon-arc solar simulator ͑Spec-trolab XT-10, with calculated mismatch factor M ϭ0.90͒, and to Sede Boqer for accurate outdoor studies using the well-known AM1.5G natural spectrum of this site. 19,20 The bulk donor-acceptor heterojunction solar cells were produced by spin casting. The production process is described in detail elsewhere.…”

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature dependence for the photovoltaic device parameters of polymer-fullerene solar cells under operating conditions

Katz

Faiman

Tuladhar

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Physics

195

115

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We report on the temperature dependence of various photovoltaic device parameters of solar cells, fabricated from interpenetrating networks of conjugated polymers with fullerenes, in the wide temperature range of their possible operating conditions (25–60 °C). The open-circuit voltage was found to decrease linearly with increasing temperature. For the short-circuit current, we observed a monotonic increase with increasing temperature, followed by a saturation region. The rate of this increase (coupled to a corresponding increase for the fill factor) was found to overtake the corresponding rate of decrease in voltage, resulting in an overall increase of the energy conversion efficiency. The efficiency was observed to reach a maximum value in the approximate range 47–60 °C. The results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms for photovoltage generation and charge carrier transport in the conjugated polymer-fullerene composite, and in particular, thermally activated charge carrier mobility.

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Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence for the photovoltaic device parameters of polymer-fullerene solar cells under operating conditions

Katz

Faiman

Tuladhar

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Physics

195

115

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“…PV module power follows a Gaussian distribution. 20,33,34 Accordingly, the associated probability density function is…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic module reliability model based on field degradation studies

Vázquez

Rey‐Stolle

2008

Progress in Photovoltaics

264

133

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Crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules are often stated as being the most reliable element in PV systems. This presumable high reliability is reflected by their long power warranty periods. In agreement with these long warranty times, PV modules have a very low total number of returns, the exceptions usually being the result of catastrophic failures. Up to now, failures resulting from degradation are not typically taken into consideration because of the difficulties in measuring the power of an individual module in a system. However, lasting recent years PV systems are changing from small isolated systems to large grid-connected power stations. In this new scenario, customers will become more sensitive to power losses and the need for a reliability model based on degradation may become of utmost importance. In this paper, a PV module reliability model based on degradation studies is presented. The main analytical functions of reliability engineering are evaluated using this model and applied to a practical case, based on state-of-the-art parameters of crystalline silicon PV technology. Relevant and defensible power warranties and other reliability data are obtained with this model based on measured degradation rates and time-dependent power variability. In the derivation of the model some assumptions are made about the future behaviour of the products-i.e. linear degradation rates-although the approach can be used for other assumed functional profiles as well. The method documented in this paper explicitly shows manufacturers how to make reasonable and sensible warranty projections.

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“…It has been observed, as well, some visual defects in a few PV modules, such as browning in the encapsulation EVA (ethylenevinyl-acetate) layer [28,29], or defects in small areas of the antireflective coating in one cell [30], but because of its low frequency they have no statistical relevance in this study.…”

Section: In-the-field Pv-module Testingmentioning

confidence: 57%

In-field assessment of batteries and PV modules in a large photovoltaic rural electrification programme

Carrasco

Narvarte

Martínez‐Moreno

et al. 2014

Energy

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Assuring the sustainability of quality in photovoltaic rural electrification programmes involves enhancing the reliability of the components of solar home systems as well as the characterization of the overall programme cost structure. Batteries and photovoltaic modules have a great impact on both the reliability and the cost assessment, the battery being the weakest component of the solar home system and consequently the most expensive element of the programme. The photovoltaic module, despite being the most reliable component, has a significant impact cost-wise on the initial investment, even at current market prices. This paper focuses on the in-field testing of both batteries and photovoltaic modules working under real operating conditions within a sample of 41 solar home systems belonging to a large photovoltaic rural electrification programme with more than 13,000 installed photovoltaic systems. Different reliability parameters such as lifetime have been evaluated, taking into account different factors, for example energy consumption rates, or the manufacturing quality of batteries. A degradation model has been proposed relating both loss of capacity and time of operation. The user -solar home system binomial is also analysed in order to understand the meaning of battery lifetime in rural electrification.

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EVA laminate browning after 5 years in a grid-connected, mirror-assisted, photovoltaic system in the Negev desert: effect on module efficiency

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Temperature dependence for the photovoltaic device parameters of polymer-fullerene solar cells under operating conditions

Temperature dependence for the photovoltaic device parameters of polymer-fullerene solar cells under operating conditions

Photovoltaic module reliability model based on field degradation studies

In-field assessment of batteries and PV modules in a large photovoltaic rural electrification programme

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