Evaluación de la efectividad de una intervención educativa para disminuir el peso de la mochila escolar en los alumnos de 3.° y 4.° de educación primaria

Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for back care and the prevention of non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The included studies were published between 2012 and 2020, all published in journals except for one conference presentation [ 38 ]. Eleven articles were RCTs [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 43 , 46 – 50 , 53 ] and nine were non-randomized controlled trials [ 34 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 51 , 52 ]. A cluster randomization were applied for all the RCT except one [ 50 ].…”

“…All the studies were carried out in the school except one that was carried out in a sport center [ 50 ] and one is not specified [ 38 ]. Six studies were carried out in Spain [ 39 , 41 , 42 , 48 , 49 , 51 ], four in Brazil [ 35 , 37 , 44 , 52 ], two in South Africa [ 43 , 47 ], two in Iran [ 36 , 53 ], two in Germany [ 38 , 46 ], and one in Turkey [ 34 ], New Zealand [ 40 ], Poland [ 45 ] and Hungary [ 50 ]. The first author of ten studies was a physical education teacher [ 34 , 35 , 38 , 40 – 42 , 44 , 48 , 49 , 51 ] and in seven was a physiotherapist [ 37 , 39 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 53 ].…”

“…In the posttest, the sample size of the experimental groups was 1,374 and the sample size of the control groups was 1,263. In the follow-up, the sample size of the experimental groups was 675 and the sample size of the control groups was 493, this is due to only seven studies report follow-up data [ 36 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 47 , 51 , 53 ].…”

“…Regarding the type of intervention of the experimental groups, the most common was exercise, carried out in fifteen studies [ 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 46 – 53 ], followed by postural hygiene, carried out in nine studies [ 36 , 39 , 43 – 47 , 51 , 53 ], physical activity, carried out in six studies [ 34 , 41 , 44 , 50 – 52 ] and standing workstations in classroom, carried out in one study [ 40 ]. Exercise, postural hygiene and physical activity were combined in some studies.…”

“…Regarding the weeks of the intervention were from 1 to 24, the intensity was from 0.31 to 6.41 h and the magnitude was from 0.75 to 77 h. The number of sessions of the experimental group were established before the start of the study in all of the studies except two [ 38 , 40 ] and the treatment of all experimental groups were homogeneous except in one study [ 38 ]. Thirteen studies were conducted with children [ 34 – 37 , 39 – 41 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 51 – 53 ] and seven with adolescents [ 38 , 42 , 44 , 47 – 50 ]. The mean age of the participants in the experimental group was from 7.6 to 15.22 years with a mean of 11.73 years and in the control group was from 7.72 to 15.55 years with a mean of 11.85 years, the mean age of all participants was 11.79 years.…”