Evaluasi Pengendalian Schistosomiasis oleh Lintas Sektor Tahun 2018

Abstract

Abstract
 In Indonesia, schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma japonicum with Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis as the intermediate host. Schistosomiasis can infect humans and all species of mammals. In order to achieve schistosomiasis elimination by 2020, schistosomiasis control including environmental management, has been carried out by multi-sectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 to evaluate multi-sectoral schistosomiasis control programs. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with stakeholders, stool survey, snail survey, field observation, and document reviews. About 53.6% of control programs targeted in the schistosomiasis control roadmap were not achieved. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the number of foci area prior to the control programs and that of after the control programs completed in 2018. In addition, the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the humans was 0-5.1% and in mammals was in the range of 0 to 10%. In order to overcome the problems, establishment of a policy concerning schistosomiasis as a priority program beyond the Ministry of Health is needed. Innovative health promotion with interactive media is also needed to be applied. Nonetheless, the schistosomiasis work teams need to be more active to collaborate with other sectors and the Agency of Regional Development of Central Sulawesi Province as the leading sector.
 Keywords: schistosomiasis, control program, multi-sector, evaluation
 Abstrak
 Schistosomiasis di Indonesia disebabkan oleh cacing trematoda jenis Schistosoma japonicum dengan hospes perantara keong Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis. Schistosomiasis selain menginfeksi manusia, juga menginfeksi semua jenis mamalia. Untuk mencapai eliminasi schistosomiasis pada tahun 2020 dilakukan pengendalian schistosomiasis oleh lintas sektor termasuk di dalamnya pelaksanaan manajemen lingkungan. Upaya pencapaian eliminasi schistosomiasis dilakukan terutama dengan manajemen lingkungan yang direncanakan bersama oleh lintas sektor. Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program pengendalian schistosomiasis oleh lintas sektor dan implementasi pengendalian schistosomiasis terpadu untuk eliminasi schistosomiasis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam stakeholder, review dokumen, survei keong, observasi lapangan, dan survei tinja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53,6% kegiatan yang direncanakan dalam roadmap tidak terlaksana tahun 2018. Perbandingan jumlah fokus yang ditemukan pada akhir tahun 2018 tidak jauh berbeda dengan sebelum kegiatan pengendalian. Prevalensi schistosomiasis pada manusia tahun 2018 berkisar 0-5,1%. Prevalensi schistosomiasis pada hewan berkisar 0-10%. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi perlu adanya rekomendasi kebijakan schistosomiasis sebagai kegiatan prioritas di kementerian di luar kesehatan sehingga memungkinkan perencanaan kegiatan yang lebih terarah oleh lintas sektor. Selain itu perlu dilakukan promosi kesehatan yang lebih inovatif dengan menggunakan media yang lebih menarik dan interaktif. Peranan aktif kelompok kerja tim pengendalian schistosomiasis perlu ditingkatkan dengan Bappeda sebagai leading sector.
 Kata kunci: schistosomiasis, pengendalian, lintas sektor, evaluasi

Mammalian Contribution to Transmission of Schistosoma japonicum Infection in West Lore, Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…This outcome is dissimilar from a previous study (2010) which failed to find S. japonicum infection in 90 animals examined (19 dogs, 55 pigs, one horse, three buffaloes, and 12 cattle) (Rosmini et al 2014). Another survey did not find S. japonicum infection in animals in Lengkeka, Kageroa, Tuare, and Tomehipi villages, with samples of 17, 14, 30, and 31, respectively (Anastasia et al 2019). The result variations may be due to the different number of samples in collection time and examination methods.…”

Update on Human Schistosomiasis Prevalence and Schistosomiasis Control Intervention in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

“…Due to the difficulty of obtaining stool specimens, community participation in stool collection is low. The role of related cross-sectors has not been maximized, as evidenced by research conducted by the Donggala Health Research and Development Center, which revealed that 53.6% of the activities outlined in the roadmap were not carried out in 2018 [15].…”

“…However, not all the roles or responsibilities of each ministry have been carried out based on the target. The results of research that evaluated the cross-sectoral activities stated the activities carried out were only about 58% [15]. It is necessary to strengthen efforts to accelerate the achievement of schistosomiasis elimination targets, namely re-mapping of cross-sectoral roles in the integration of schistosomiasis elimination interventions, Community Empowerment Improvement (Bada Model Replication in other endemic villages, Gema Beraksi, and Gadar Basis), utilization of financing sources (State Budget, Local Government Budget, and Village Budget) to support community empowerment based on the schistosomiasis control program, capacity building for laboratory personnel through training/internships at the Health Research and Development Center, strengthening the role of R&D in the development of research in policy-making with a socio-anthropological approach and procedures for surveillance, monitoring and evaluation of the elimination of schistosomiasis in animals, and mapping of risk factors in other animals, as well as strengthening the role of district governments in planning and financing Schistosomiasis Control (Master Plan, Regent Regulation) [3].…”

Prevalensi Serkaria Schistosoma japonicum pada Keong Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis, Kepadatan Keong, dan Daerah Fokus, di Daerah Endemis, Indonesia

“…dilakukan hingga saat ini belum dapat menekan angka kejadian schistosomiasis, karena adanya reinfeksi dari berbagai reservoar diantaranya tikus, ternak masyarakat, termasuk hewan liar, bahkan masyarakat sendiri sebagai pembawa. Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dalam dalam program pengendalian schistosomiasis adalah pengendalian keong dan daerah fokus tidak dilakukan secara komprehensif dan 3,9 teratur di daerah endemis.…”