Evaluating a Germplasm Collection of the Cover Crop Hairy Vetch for Use in Sustainable Farming Systems

Maul, Jude E.; Mirsky, Steven B.; Emche, Sarah; Devine, T. E.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0561

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Caution should be used when evaluating traits posterior to winter survival evaluations, as these traits are confounded if only measured on surviving plants. However, the association of late flowering with winter hardiness has been previously documented in hairy vetch (Jannink et al, 1997; Maul et al, 2011), and this study further illustrates the relationship. These two traits are primary breeding targets to improve the cropping system compatibility of leguminous cover crops in northern regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…last few decades, but they are not well adapted to northern regions of the United States (Maul et al, 2011). Jannink et al (1997) concluded that commercially available hairy vetch in the United States is of two types, subsp.…”

Section: Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance In A Hairy Vetch Colmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ambiguous accessions or ecotypes are subsequently labeled VNS (variety‐not‐stated). Some early‐flowering synthetic cultivars have been developed and released within the last few decades, but they are not well adapted to northern regions of the United States (Maul et al, 2011). Jannink et al (1997) concluded that commercially available hairy vetch in the United States is of two types, subsp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance in a Hairy Vetch Collection

et al. 2018

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Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a winter‐annual legume that is grown as a cover crop and for forage. Although more winter tolerant than most leguminous winter annuals, it does not reliably overwinter in the upper Midwestern United States. Our objectives were to screen a collection of accessions for winter hardiness and develop a screening method for freezing tolerance in a controlled setting. We evaluated 30 accessions (commercial germplasm and breeding populations) in multiple Minnesota environments. Average winter survival among accessions ranged from 13 to 73% and resembled a bimodal distribution, where two distinct phenotypic groupings were apparent. Commercial VNS (variety‐not‐stated) accessions were found to be highly variable for winter survival. Seed derived from Minnesota was generally winter hardy (>65% survival), and seed from Oregon was not (<39%). Due to large variation among and within field environments, a method of controlled freezing was developed to supplement winter hardiness evaluations. No differences in freezing tolerance were found among accessions without cold acclimation. However, large differences in freezing tolerance occurred when plants were first grown for 2 wk in greenhouse conditions (22°C, 16‐h photoperiod) and then cold acclimated for 4 wk (3°C, 10‐h photoperiod). Lethal temperatures were determined from six 24‐h programmed freezing treatments, where treatment temperatures ranged from −13 to −21°C. Accessions differed significantly for freezing tolerance, with median lethal temperature values ranging from −8.4 to −16.0°C. This method of controlled freezing correlated highly with winter survival in field evaluations (ρ = 0.77).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance In A Hairy Vetch Colmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance in a Hairy Vetch Collection

et al. 2018

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“…Cover crops terminated 15 June did not exhibit regrowth in treatments where mowing was followed by a termination treatment of roto-till or disk-till. Hairy vetch is only moderately hardy in northern climates [22]. (Table 1).…”

Section: Cover Crop Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Control with Cover Crops in Irrigated Potatoes

2016

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Abstract:Field experiments at Oakes, ND, USA in 2010 and Carrington, ND, USA in 2011 were conducted to evaluate the potential for cover crops grown in the Northern Great Plains, USA in order to reduce weed emergence and density in irrigated potatoes. Treatments included five cover crop treatments and three cover crop termination treatments. Termination of cover crops was done with glyphosate, disk-till, and roto-till. Cover crop biomass accumulation was greatest for rye/canola and triticale at Oakes, and hairy vetch and hairy vetch/rye at Carrington. Cover crop and termination affected weed control 14, 29, and 51 days after planting (DAP) at Oakes. Weed control at Carrington was at least 90% for all cover crop and termination treatments at all three evaluation timings. Marketable yield at Oakes was greater when roto-till was used to terminate the cover crops compared with disk-till or herbicide, which is beneficial for organic systems where herbicides are not used. Marketable yield at Carrington was not affected by cover crop or termination treatments. Results suggest that cover crops can successfully be integrated into irrigated potato production for weed control with yields equal to no cover crop, and with attention to potential mechanical difficulties.

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“…Seeds, Jersey Shore, PA, USA) and Purple Bounty (Seedway, Hall, NY, USA and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA). These cultivars were chosen for their commercial availability as well as their differences in maturity as Purple Bounty is an early flowering cultivar and Groff is a later flowering cultivar (Maul et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of hairy vetch seed germination and maturation on weediness in subsequent crops

et al. 2019

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Summary Hairy vetch is a widely adopted cover crop in the United States. However, hairy vetch can become weedy in subsequent crops as seeds germinate after the cover crop growing season, which is largely attributed to seed dormancy. We conducted two field experiments to determine seed germination, viability and seed production phenology of two common hairy vetch cultivars in Blacksburg and Blackstone, Virginia, US. ‘Groff’ and ‘Purple Bounty’ seed were sown in October 2015 and May 2016 and germination was tracked until June 2017. Subsequently, ungerminated seeds were tested for viability. Both cultivars had <2% germination after the initial germination period, and <1% of seed recovered was still viable at the end of the experiments. We also conducted experiments to determine when these cultivars produce viable seed. Hairy vetch seeds were counted and tested for germination in the spring. Both cultivars produced seed beginning in late‐May, but most seed were not viable until mid‐June in Virginia. Our results indicate that seed dormancy is not the primary cause of hairy vetch weediness in subsequent crops as nearly all germination, 99% of the total germinated seed, occurred during the cover crop growing season. Also, if complete termination occurs before mid‐June in Virginia, it is unlikely viable seed will be added to the seed bank. To better utilise this cover crop species, cultivar selection and proper termination are important to prevent weediness.

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Evaluating a Germplasm Collection of the Cover Crop Hairy Vetch for Use in Sustainable Farming Systems

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance in a Hairy Vetch Collection

Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance in a Hairy Vetch Collection

Weed Control with Cover Crops in Irrigated Potatoes

Influence of hairy vetch seed germination and maturation on weediness in subsequent crops

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