Evaluating carbon fluxes of global forest ecosystems by using an individual tree-based model FORCCHN

Ma, Jianyong; Shugart, Herman H.; Yan, Xiaodong; Cao, Cougui; Wu, Shuang; Fang, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.073

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Soil data were taken from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) (Fao/Iiasa/Isric/Isscas/Jrc, ). Ma et al () had successfully applied this soil database worldwide using the original FORCCHN model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily photosynthesis (gross primary production; GPP ), transpiration, soil processes and respiration (including maintenance ( R A and R B ) and growth ( R G ) respiration) of a tree were calculated using the dynamic carbon model FORCCHN (Ma et al, ). The original individual tree‐based model, FORCCHN, is driven by daily meteorological data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily photosynthesis (gross primary production; GPP), transpiration, soil processes and respiration (including maintenance (R A and R B ) and growth (R G ) respiration) of a tree were calculated using the dynamic carbon model FORCCHN (Ma et al, 2017). The original individual products are only allocated to the growth and litter of leaves and fine roots while the remaining photosynthetic products are stored in the so-called 'buffered carbon pool' in the daily process.…”

Section: Photosynthesis Transpiration Soil Processes and Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test these hypotheses, we constructed a physiological model (i.e. FORCCHN Version 2.0) using measurements at Harvard Forest (Richardson et al, 2013) and earlier works by Fritts, Shashkin, and Downes (1999), Hölttä et al (2010), Schiestl-Aalto et al (2015), Ma et al (2017). Our objective was to explicitly simulate the carbon sources and sinks at daily timescales.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A physiological model for predicting dynamics of tree stem‐wood non‐structural carbohydrates

et al. 2019

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Non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) are considered important in the metabolism of wood plants, and they are highly dynamic. Accurate and detailed modelling of NSC dynamics may increase the understanding of physiological processes. We constructed a physiological model that simulates NSC dynamics from photosynthesis, transpiration and growth carbon demand. With this model, we tested the hypotheses that production, allocation and storage explain tree‐ and forest‐level carbohydrates balance, and especially that cambial activities explain the major portion of carbon consumption. We applied this model at one plot in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. The predicted results of stem‐wood NSC dynamics of 20 deciduous broad‐leaved trees corresponded well with measurements. NSC (i.e. product from photosynthesis) allocations depended on thermal time and the development stage of each organ. Water movements driven by water potential gradients in whole‐trees also influenced tree growth, which was a necessary process for predicting the daily NSC dynamics. Synthesis. This model combined wood growth at whole‐tree scale and carbohydrates balance at cellular scale with short‐term vegetation hydraulics. The model provides a foundation to further understand the complex interactions between environmental factors and tree carbon allocation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily photosynthesis (gross primary production; GPP), transpiration, soil processes and respiration (including maintenance (R A and R B ) and growth (R G ) respiration) of a tree were calculated using the dynamic carbon model FORCCHN (Ma et al, 2017). The original individual products are only allocated to the growth and litter of leaves and fine roots while the remaining photosynthetic products are stored in the so-called 'buffered carbon pool' in the daily process.…”

Section: Photosynthesis Transpiration Soil Processes and Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A physiological model for predicting dynamics of tree stem‐wood non‐structural carbohydrates

et al. 2019

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“…At the end of the year, this cumulative 'buffer carbon pool' is primarily used to support the growth of canopy height and basal diameter increment of each tree on each simulated plot. As a preamble to applying the FORC-CHN model to estimate global carbon uptake by forest ecosystems, Ma et al (2017) used the CO 2 flux measurements from 37 eddy covariance flux sites located between ∼38 • S to ∼70 • N to examine the FORCCHN's performance. In these initial tests, model simulated higher correlations in gross primary production (GPP) for the 37 sites (correlations averaging 0.72 across predicted and observed daily across the 37 sites), ecosystem respiration (ER, average correlations of 0.70) and net ecosystem production (NEP, average correlations of 0.53) across all forest biomes.…”

Section: Examples Of Global Change Issues and Gap Model Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap models and their individual-based relatives in the assessment of the consequences of global change

Shugart

Wang

Fischer

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Individual-based models (IBMs) of complex systems emerged in the 1960s and early 1970s, across diverse disciplines from astronomy to zoology. Ecological IBMs arose with seemingly independent origins out of the tradition of understanding the ecosystems dynamics of ecosystems from a 'bottom-up' accounting of the interactions of the parts. Individual trees are principal among the parts of forests. Because these models are computationally demanding, they have prospered as the power of digital computers has increased exponentially over the decades following the 1970s.This review will focus on a class of forest IBMs called gap models. Gap models simulate the changes in forests by simulating the birth, growth and death of each individual tree on a small plot of land. The summation of these plots comprise a forest (or set of sample plots on a forested landscape or region). Other, more aggregated forest IBMs have been used in global applications including cohort-based models, ecosystem demography models, etc. Gap models have been used to provide the parameters for these bulk models. Currently, gap models have grown from local-scale to continental-scale and even global-scale applications to assess the potential consequences of climate change on natural forests. Modifications to the models have enabled simulation of disturbances including fire, insect outbreak and harvest.Our objective in this review is to provide the reader with an overview of the history, motivation and applications, including theoretical applications, of these models. In a time of concern over global changes, gap models are essential tools to understand forest responses to climate change, modified disturbance regimes and other change agents. Development of forest surveys to provide the starting points for simulations and better estimates of the behavior of the diversity of tree species in response to the environment are continuing needs for improvement for these and other IBMs.

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Assessing model performance via the most limiting environmental driver in two differently stressed pine stands

Nadal‐Sala

Grote

Birami

et al. 2021

Ecological Applications

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Climate change will impact forest productivity worldwide. Forecasting the magnitude of such impact, with multiple environmental stressors changing simultaneously, is only possible with the help of process-based models. In order to assess their performance, such models require careful evaluation against measurements. However, direct comparison of model outputs against observational data is often not reliable, as models may provide the right answers due to the wrong reasons. This would severely hinder forecasting abilities under unprecedented climate conditions. Here, we present a methodology for model assessment, which supplements the traditional output-to-observation model validation. It evaluates model performance through its ability to reproduce observed seasonal changes of the most limiting environmental driver (MLED) for a given process, here daily gross primary productivity (GPP). We analyzed seasonal changes of the MLED for GPP in two contrasting pine forests, the Mediterranean Pinus halepensis Mill. Yatir (Israel) and the boreal Pinus sylvestris L. Hyytiälä (Finland) from three years of eddy-covariance flux data. Then, we simulated the same period with a state-of-the-art process-based simulation model (LandscapeDNDC). Finally, we assessed if the model was able to reproduce both GPP observations and MLED seasonality. We found that the model reproduced the seasonality of GPP in both stands, but it was slightly overestimated without sitespecific fine-tuning. Interestingly, although LandscapeDNDC properly captured the main MLED in Hyytiälä (temperature) and in Yatir (soil water availability), it failed to reproduce high-temperature and high-vapor pressure limitations of GPP in Yatir during spring and summer. We deduced that the most likely reason for this divergence is an incomplete description of stomatal behavior. In summary, this study validates the MLED approach as a model evaluation tool, and opens up new possibilities for model improvement.

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Evaluating carbon fluxes of global forest ecosystems by using an individual tree-based model FORCCHN

Cited by 31 publications

References 60 publications

A physiological model for predicting dynamics of tree stem‐wood non‐structural carbohydrates

A physiological model for predicting dynamics of tree stem‐wood non‐structural carbohydrates

Gap models and their individual-based relatives in the assessment of the consequences of global change

Assessing model performance via the most limiting environmental driver in two differently stressed pine stands

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