Evaluating chlorophyll depletion in mitigation mussel cultivation at multiple scales

Petersen, J.; Loo, Lars-Ove; Taylor, Daniel B.

doi:10.3354/aei00312

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…8), which need an improvement of water quality. The estimated reduction in chl a concentration and increase in Secchi depths were similar to previously reported values from field studies (Petersen et al 2008, 2019b, Cranford et al 2014, Nielsen et al 2016) and modeling studies (Grant et al 2008, Schröder et al 2014, Timmermann et al 2019.…”

Section: Environmental Impacts On the Water Columnsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The coastal farms C1−C3 showed the highest improvements in chl a (Table 3), although the nutrient removal efficiency was lower. This was due to the lower current speeds (Table 2) and hence less renewal by advection (Petersen et al 2019b). The open water farms (M0−M5) only decreased chl a in the open waters, whereas the coastal farms contributed to a decrease in the coastal waters and hence the WFD areas (Fig.…”

Section: Environmental Impacts On the Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site selection of mussel mitigation cultures in relation to efficient nutrient compensation of fish farming

Maar

Larsen

Thenen

et al. 2020

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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In the Baltic Sea, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is the most common species used in marine aquaculture, but further increase in production is problematic due to environmental legal regulations, especially in the coastal zone. A solution could be to place the fish farms offshore and use mussel mitigation cultures to extract nutrients released from the fish farms. We used 3D ecological modeling to identify suitable locations for mussel mitigation cultures in relation to nutrient pollution from a fish farm in the inner Danish waters. The model results showed that potential mussel harvest depended on the food flux following a saturation curve with a maximum yield of 2100 to 2600 t wet weight and then stabilized at around 2100 to 2600 t wet weight of mussels. A single mussel farm (36 ha) can potentially remove 17-31% of the released nitrogen from the fish farm. Mussel farms located inside or a few km outside the coastal areas receiving the highest nutrient inputs from the fish farm were found to be the most suitable among the tested sites. In contrast, co-location with the fish farm was not advisable due to the negative benthic impact below the farms. However, it is up to the managers to decide which positive and negative effects should receive the most attention, given the present need for protection of water bodies and habitats and in relation to other activities in the area. This study demonstrates that modeling can support management decisions with respect to site selection of aquaculture and provide the needed data on far-field and local environmental effects from integrated aquaculture.

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Section: Environmental Impacts On the Water Columnsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Environmental Impacts On the Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site selection of mussel mitigation cultures in relation to efficient nutrient compensation of fish farming

Maar

Larsen

Thenen

et al. 2020

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior work has demonstrated an inverse relationship between mussel growth and density within a mussel farm (Cubillo et al, 2012). As increased surface area increases total population in a given space, integrated filtration pressure can lead to food limitation at the boundary layer around the mussel aggregates or at a larger scale further afield (Petersen et al, 2019b). Such a pattern emerges when comparing condition or shell length between treatments ( Supplementary Table A2).…”

Section: Variability Local Effects and Limitations To Productionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This is represented in the case of the longline and belt spat collector treatments, but when normalizing total yield per longline or net to surface area (Figure 6), a diminishing return on yields is observed to an asymptote, namely, in between the 17.5 and 25 cm nets. This is due largely to two factors: (1) at higher substrate quantities, there is less space for mussel aggregate expansion, and (2) overlapping food depletion fields reduce interspecific growth (Saurel et al, 2013;Petersen et al, 2019b). Reduced growth will be increasingly pronounced in estuaries with lower mean food concentrations, lower flux of food, or if cumulative depletion of basin-scale food resources induces similar conditions (Strohmeier et al, 2008).…”

Section: Variability Local Effects and Limitations To Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater mussel condition was observed in larger mesh nets ( Supplementary Table A2) and can be likely attributed to reduced micro-scale depletion fields as mesh holes were not entirely obstructed by mussels, permitting food flux through the net structure. It has been demonstrated that chl-a concentrations decline rapidly within a region of 5-10 cm from the mussel aggregate surface (Petersen et al, 2019b), which integrates into a larger volume for smaller mesh nets. When considering predominant current directions and integrated depletion effects at both the aggregate surface and farm-scale, clustering magnitudes (low and high values) and ranges were positively associated with substrate density ( Table 2).…”

Section: Variability Local Effects and Limitations To Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production Characteristics and Optimization of Mitigation Mussel Culture

et al. 2019

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Bivalve environmental services have become a focal point for their inherent role in the management of eutrophication, while active cultivation has become increasingly acknowledged as a mechanism for integrated nutrient reduction. In recent years, cultivation practices designed specifically for nutrient extraction have emerged; "mitigation culture." While modeling efforts have been able to describe expanded potential of these services, only a single commercial pilot scale, realworld demonstration, has been documented. Over two production seasons (2017-2018), the optimization of nutrient extractive potential of mussels (Mytilus edulis) at full commercial-scale was evaluated by first testing multiple density configurations of conventional longline-spat collector setups and potential harvest times, then by comparing different cultivation technologies at three farms. Potential biomass volumes of 770-1700 t with longlines and 2100-2600 t on nets was demonstrated in fullscale production (18.8 ha), yielding 0.6-1.27 t N ha −1 and 0.04-0.1 t P ha −1 , and 1.63-2.0 t N ha −1 and 0.1-0.12 t P ha −1 respectively. In general, 1 t of harvested mitigation mussels will yield 13.7 kg N and 0.9 kg P. Winter harvests exhibited higher yields (103-124%) than early spring harvests on optimized configurations, favoring an abbreviated production season. Production potential was similar between sites, despite differing environmental conditions, indicating eutrophic waters are suitable for expanded mitigation production. This study presents for the first-time production data of mitigation mussels utilizing different configurations and technologies to maximize yield and nutrient extraction potential.

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Quantifying bivalve phytoplankton depletion in a eutrophic system: an integrated approach

Taylor,

Jakobsen,

Lyngsgaard

et al. 2024

Limnology & Oceanography

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The removal of organic particulate matter, predominantly phytoplankton, in eutrophic coastal seas and estuaries is considered an ecosystem service performed by large bivalve assemblages. Mussel farming has been proposed as a measure to mitigate eutrophication, as filtration directly reduces the concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a), a primary ecological indicator. Seston depletion is typically assessed by in situ investigation, which generally lacks spatiotemporal coverage of features relative to greater ecosystem dynamics. To assess the scale and structure of this service, the present study couples multiple measurement approaches, including moored stations, synoptic transect surveys, flow cytometry, a preliminary drone survey technique, and satellite remote sensing within and around a large mussel farm. Significant depletion patterns were observed with all methods, and mixing gradients could be detected hundreds of meters beyond the farm, with repeatable patterns but distinct findings between methods. The intensity of the depletion signal was correlated with mussel biomass loads, ambient conditions, and hydrodynamic regimes, ranging from 5% to 91% relative Chl a depletion and Secchi depth increases of up to 2 m. Changes in particle size distributions were impacted in all downstream areas, as well as phytoplankton diversity. Observed depletion gradients with satellite imagery were consistent with other measurements and can be used to complement in situ field measurements. The findings of this study, will inform carrying capacity assessments, farm configuration, and development of impact assessment programs on seston removal for bivalve aquaculture.

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Evaluating chlorophyll depletion in mitigation mussel cultivation at multiple scales

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Site selection of mussel mitigation cultures in relation to efficient nutrient compensation of fish farming

Site selection of mussel mitigation cultures in relation to efficient nutrient compensation of fish farming

Production Characteristics and Optimization of Mitigation Mussel Culture

Quantifying bivalve phytoplankton depletion in a eutrophic system: an integrated approach

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