Evaluating cost function criteria in predicting healthy gait

Veerkamp, K.; Waterval, Niels F.J.; Geijtenbeek, Thomas; Carty, Christopher P.; Lloyd, David G.; Harlaar, Jaap; Krogt, Marjolein M. van der

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110530

Cited by 48 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Simulation frameworks able to predict de novo kinematics based on a mathematical model of the neuro-musculoskeletal system may overcome such limitations. These novel computational tools could better clarify muscle functionality by highlighting causal relationships between muscle characteristics or surgical intervention and the resulting overall motion pattern ( Geijtenbeek, 2019 ; De Groote and Falisse, 2021 ; K.; Veerkamp et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Muscle Contributions are Required to Support the Stance Limb During Voluntary Toe-Walking

Pieri

Romkes

Wyss

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Toe-walking characterizes several neuromuscular conditions and is associated with a reduction in gait stability and efficiency, as well as in life quality. The optimal choice of treatment depends on a correct understanding of the underlying pathology and on the individual biomechanics of walking. The objective of this study was to describe gait deviations occurring in a cohort of healthy adult subjects when mimicking a unilateral toe-walking pattern compared to their normal heel-to-toe gait pattern. The focus was to characterize the functional adaptations of the major lower-limb muscles which are required in order to toe walk. Musculoskeletal modeling was used to estimate the required muscle contributions to the joint sagittal moments. The support moment, defined as the sum of the sagittal extensive moments at the ankle, knee, and hip joints, was used to evaluate the overall muscular effort necessary to maintain stance limb stability and prevent the collapse of the knee. Compared to a normal heel-to-toe gait pattern, toe-walking was characterized by significantly different lower-limb kinematics and kinetics. The altered kinetic demands at each joint translated into different necessary moment contributions from most muscles. In particular, an earlier and prolonged ankle plantarflexion contribution was required from the soleus and gastrocnemius during most of the stance phase. The hip extensors had to provide a higher extensive moment during loading response, while a significantly higher knee extension contribution from the vasti was necessary during mid-stance. Compensatory muscular activations are therefore functionally required at every joint level in order to toe walk. A higher support moment during toe-walking indicates an overall higher muscular effort necessary to maintain stance limb stability and prevent the collapse of the knee. Higher muscular demands during gait may lead to fatigue, pain, and reduced quality of life. Toe-walking is indeed associated with significantly larger muscle forces exerted by the quadriceps to the patella and prolonged force transmission through the Achilles tendon during stance phase. Optimal treatment options should therefore account for muscular demands and potential overloads associated with specific compensatory mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Muscle Contributions are Required to Support the Stance Limb During Voluntary Toe-Walking

Pieri

Romkes

Wyss

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…(2012) minimising muscle metabolic energy:

\begin{equation} {J}_{\textit{eff}}=\frac{1}{m\ast L}\left({\dot B}+\sum _{m\in \textit{Musc}\textit{les}}{\dot E}_{m}\right) \end{equation}

where m is the body mass, L is the travelled distance,

\dot B

is the basal metabolic energy rate set to 1.51 times the body mass and

\dot E_{m}

is the mean rate of metabolic energy expenditure for a given muscle throughout the simulation. A joint measure penalising non‐physiological movements by minimising the knee limit force (

{F_{lim}}

) representing knee ligaments (Veerkamp et al., 2021). This measure also penalises the overextension of the other joints (ankle, hip, pelvis) by penalising the corresponding joint angles (

{\alpha _{jt}}

) overcoming experimental ranges from Schwartz et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A joint measure penalising non‐physiological movements by minimising the knee limit force (

{F_{lim}}

) representing knee ligaments (Veerkamp et al., 2021). This measure also penalises the overextension of the other joints (ankle, hip, pelvis) by penalising the corresponding joint angles (

{\alpha _{jt}}

) overcoming experimental ranges from Schwartz et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of neural and biomechanical impairments leading to pathological toe and heel gaits using neuromusculoskeletal modelling

Bruel

Ghorbel

Russo

et al. 2022

The Journal of Physiology

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“…For example, it has been proposed that other factors, such as fatigue avoidance, may be prioritized in the control scheme of locomotion (20)(21)(22), with low metabolic cost arising as a byproduct. Similarly, others suggest that economical human gait arises not from minimization of metabolic cost alone, but rather via the control of metabolic energy in conjunction with several additional optimality criteria (23,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humans trade-off whole-body energy cost to avoid overburdening muscles while walking

McDonald

Cusumano

Hieronymi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Metabolic cost minimization is widely regarded as the principal optimality criterion that governs walking. Minimizing muscle activation has, nevertheless, outperformed energy optimization in simulating human gait and predicting certain gait behaviors. The highly coupled nature of metabolic and muscle activation costs makes it difficult to empirically discern the interrelationship between these objectives. We implemented a unique experimental design that pits metabolic cost against muscle activation costs estimated from electromyography of seven lower limb muscles. Healthy adults (N=10) selected between walking on a treadmill incline versus walking in a crouched posture (that disproportionately affected activation cost), forcing a choice between minimizing metabolic cost or activation cost. When experiencing these Competing-Cost-Pairs, participants systematically protected their activation cost at the expense of high metabolic power (19% penalty, p<0.05). This held true when activation cost was expressed as the sum of the muscle activations squared (66% saving, p<0.05) and as the maximal activation across muscles (44% saving, p<0.05), both of which penalize overburdening any individual muscle and thus indicate fatigue avoidance. Activation cost, expressed as the sum of muscle volume-normalized activation, more closely models energy use and was also protected by the participants' decision (23% saving, p<0.05) demonstrating that activation was, at best, an inaccurate proxy signal for metabolic energy. Energy minimization was only observed when there was no adverse effect on muscle activation. By decoupling metabolic and activation costs, we provide the first empirical evidence of humans embracing non-energetic optimality in favor of a clearly defined alternate neuromuscular objective.

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Evaluating cost function criteria in predicting healthy gait

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

Altered Muscle Contributions are Required to Support the Stance Limb During Voluntary Toe-Walking

Altered Muscle Contributions are Required to Support the Stance Limb During Voluntary Toe-Walking

Investigation of neural and biomechanical impairments leading to pathological toe and heel gaits using neuromusculoskeletal modelling

Humans trade-off whole-body energy cost to avoid overburdening muscles while walking

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