Evaluating different approaches in the application of phosphonates for the control of apple root diseases

Nyoni, Makomborero; Lötze, E.; Mazzola, Mark; Wessels, J P B; McLeod, A.

doi:10.1007/s13313-019-00647-x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Managing root rot of rosaceous trees is a difficult task and requires the use of an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, as no single control strategy will prevent or control this disease. However, systemic chemicals such as phenylamides and fenamiphos were shown effective for managing rot root diseases caused by the oomycete group [61]. The effectiveness of some phosphonates and phenylamides, such as mefenoxam and metalaxyl, was demonstrated against Phytophthora diseases under field conditions [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytopythium vexans Associated with Apple and Pear Decline in the Saïss Plain of Morocco

et al. 2021

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An extensive survey conducted in the Saïss plain of Morocco during the 2017–2018 growing season revealed that 35 out of 50 apple and pear orchards were infested with a pathogen that causes the decline disease. Morphological and phylogenetic tree analyses using the cox II gene allowed us to identify the pathogen as Phytopythium vexans. Interestingly, no Phytophthora and Pythium species were isolated. The occurrence and prevalence of the disease varied between locations; the most infested locations were Meknes (100%), Imouzzer (83%), and Sefrou (80%). To fulfill Koch’s postulate, a greenhouse pathogenicity test was performed on the stem and collar of one-year-old healthy seedlings of apple rootstock M115. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field were reproduced in less than 4 months post-inoculation with root rot disease severity ranging from 70 to 100%. The survey results evidenced that apple rootstocks, soil type, and irrigation procedure may contribute significantly to the occurrence of the disease. The disease was most prevalent in drip water irrigation and sandy-clay soil on wild apple rootstock. Accordingly, a rational drip advanced watering system and good sanitation practices could eliminate water stagnation and help prevent the onset of this disease. It was concluded that Pp. vexans occurrence may be strongly influenced by irrigation mode and type of soil. Therefore, the obtained findings of this study could help to better understand the recurrence of this disease and to develop a reliable integrated strategy for its management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytopythium vexans Associated with Apple and Pear Decline in the Saïss Plain of Morocco

et al. 2021

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“…Phosphonic acid is efficiently absorbed through roots and leaves by the phosphate transport system and is truly ambimobile within plants, that is, translocates throughout the plant within the xylem and phloem 1 . It can, therefore, be applied as foliar sprays (from the ground or aerially), soil drenches (fertigated), trunk sprays and trunk injections 1,9,10 . Its mobility is facilitated by its high solubility in water, and high chemical stability.…”

Section: Translocation In Plants Food Residues Maximum Residue Levementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphonic acid: a long‐standing and versatile crop protectant

Dann

McLeod

2020

Pest Management Science

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Phosphonic acid‐based fungicides, also referred to as phosphonates, have been used extensively as crop protectants in horticulture since the late 1970s, and more recently in native ecosystems and forestry. Discovering that phosphonates are effective against foliar and soilborne oomycete diseases, such as those caused by species of Phytophthora, Pythium and Plasmopara, was a significant breakthrough, especially for soilborne pathogens that are notoriously difficult to manage. Phosphonates have played an important role in protection of forests and sensitive natural ecosystems, under threat from these pathogens. Since introduction, their increased application in management of non‐oomycete diseases, along with other functionalities, demonstrates their versatility in agriculture and more broadly. Continued use of phosphonic acid crop protectants will be underpinned by demonstrated efficacy and safety, and a better understanding of specific interactions within the plant, pathogen and environment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…While phosphonate enhances fine root formation in treated woody trees, it does not seem to alter the abundance and composition of edaphic, floristic, and endophytic bacteria in trees or the balance between different microorganisms, including Phytophthora species [ 33 , 39 ], although this needs further study. Phosphonates can be applied by foliar spray, soil drenches, trunk painting, and injection [ 40 , 41 ]. Several commercial phosphonate formulations are used on woody trees, including potassium, sodium, and ammonium phosphonate [ 34 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium Phosphonate Induces Resistance in Sweet Chestnut against Ink Disease Caused by Phytophthora Species

et al. 2023

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Ink disease, caused by Phytophthora spp., represents a serious threat to sweet chestnuts throughout their distribution area. Among the control strategies, new perspectives have been offered by using potassium phosphonate, which indirectly controls Phytophthora diseases by acting on both host physiology and host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we tested in planta the effectiveness of trunk injection with K-phosphonate against seven different Phytophthora species associated with ink disease. For the two most aggressive species, P. cinnamomi and P. ×cambivora, the treatments were repeated at two different environmental conditions (a mean temperature of 14.5 °C vs. 25 °C) and tree phenology stages. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that K-phosphonate could contain the development of Phytophthora infection in phloem tissues. However, its effectiveness varied based on the concentration applied and the Phytophthora species tested. A concentration of 280 g/L of K-phosphonate was the most effective, and in some cases, callus formation around the necrotic lesion was detected. Overall, this study broadens the knowledge of endotherapic treatments with K-phosphonate as an effective measure for managing chestnut ink disease. Interestingly, the increase in mean temperature had a positive impact on the development of P. cinnamomi lesions on chestnut phloem tissues.

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Evaluating different approaches in the application of phosphonates for the control of apple root diseases

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Phytopythium vexans Associated with Apple and Pear Decline in the Saïss Plain of Morocco

Phytopythium vexans Associated with Apple and Pear Decline in the Saïss Plain of Morocco

Phosphonic acid: a long‐standing and versatile crop protectant

Potassium Phosphonate Induces Resistance in Sweet Chestnut against Ink Disease Caused by Phytophthora Species

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