“…Lean systems, workforce management, planning and control systems, as well as quality management systems can aid in efficient hospital operations (Kollberg and Dahlgaard, 2007;Kujala et al, 2006;Li et al, 2002;Tucker and Edmondson, 2003;Goldstein and Ward, 2004;Rambani and Okafor, 2008). In addition, an effective layout and design of hospital areas and patient flow (Vos et al, 2007;Proudlove and Boaden, 2005); use of welldocumented standardized protocols, clinical pathways and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (Scott et al, 2008;Rotter et al, 2010); and a committed approach to continuous improvement (Bloom et al, 2009;Dorgan et al, 2010) are regarded as best practices in operations management within hospitals (Vos et al 2007;Scott et al, 2008;Rotter et al, 2010).…”