“…Graphical approach and the Prim's algorithm 3.1 Graphical approach Manufacturing system can be considered as a structure that can be conveniently represented in the form of a graph, say G (W, E). The graph consists of nodes represented by small circles, which are WSs, say W ¼ {W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , …., W N } in case of a manufacturing system and, a collection E of ordered pairs of nodes denoted by e ij where i and j represent the WS nodes and e ij represents an edge joining WS i to WS j (Gupta et al, 2013;Gupta and Gupta, 2017). Figure 1 represents a graph, in general, showing the structure of a manufacturing system having four WSs (W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , W 4 ).…”