“…By considering the surface background, various algorithms have been developed, e.g., Dark Target for detecting dust on the sea surface [39] and Deep Blue for bright surfaces such as deserts [40,41,42]. Moreover, a variety of approaches based on different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are proposed, including, thermal-based bands [43,44,45,46,47,48,49], visible-and near infrared-based bands [50,51], and combination of visible and infrared spectral bands [52,53,25,54,55,10]. Many studies focused on the temporal and spatial variability of dust aerosol frequency [33], while others concentrate on identifying dust source regions [56].…”