“…(Pacher Szabó, 2007). Full length PARP1 protein comprises three major functional domains: an amino-terminal DNAbinding domain, a carboxy-terminal catalytic domain (CD; also called as CAT), and a central auto modification domain (called as AMD or AD) (Altmeyer, Messner, Hassa, Fey, & Hottiger, 2009;Gross, Kotova, Maluchenko, Pascal, & Studitsky, 2016 (Gradwohl et al, 1990). In addition, in both in vitro and in vivo, the ZF1 domain was found to be necessary for DNA-dependent PARP1 activity whereas the ZF2 domain was not required strictly (Langelier, Planck, Roy, & Pascal, 2011).…”