“…The CAT is supported by the Quality Caring Model© (Duffy & Hoskins, 2003) which combines multiple theories from multiple disciplines to help explore the nurse's relationship with the patient and the contribution that nursing attitudes and actions have on patient outcomes (Kim, 2016). The CAT is completed by patients using either a paper-and-pencil approach (Duffy & Brewer, 2011) or via electronic survey (Duffy, Kooken, Wolverton, & Weaver, 2012). Iterative versions of the CAT have had different numbers of items (100, 36 and 27) and different factor structures (between 8 and 1), and each version has reported appropriate reliability and validity (Duffy et al, 2014(Duffy et al, , 2007O'Nan, Jenkins, Morgan, Adams, & Davis, 2014).…”