Evaluating Situated Visualization in AR with Eye Tracking

Kurzhals, Kuno; Becher, Michael; Pathmanathan, Nelusa; Reina, Guido

doi:10.1109/beliv57783.2022.00013

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Further, dynamic AOIs are not considered explicitly. We see the integration of dynamic virtual objects as a trivial step to be integrated, as they can be detected automatically, similar to virtual reality environments [KBPR22]. However, some scenarios might also require dynamic real‐world AOIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work focuses on new, interactive techniques for the analysis of gaze data recorded with HMDs. The main issue with this type of data is that existing analysis techniques cannot be applied directly [KBPR22]: To achieve comparability between recordings, either a semantic (with AOIs) or a spatial mapping becomes necessary. Further, the visualization of the data in an explorable overview is challenging as 3D spatial context should be included, which is not the case with most of the existing visualization techniques.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this point, eye tracking in AR is mainly applied for interaction purposes. However, different techniques have been presented recently, showing that a retrospective investigation of movement and gaze behavior is achievable and worthwhile investigating [KBPR22]. According to Merino and colleagues [MSK * 20] the evaluation of AR can be categorized into seven scenarios: These are (1) algorithm performance, (2) qualitative result inspection, (3) user performance, (4) user experience, (5) understanding environment and work practices, (6) team communication, and (7) team collaboration.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Been There, Seen That: Visualization of Movement and 3D Eye Tracking Data from Real‐World Environments

Pathmanathan

Oney

Becher

et al. 2023

Computer Graphics Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The distribution of visual attention can be evaluated using eye tracking, providing valuable insights into usability issues and interaction patterns. However, when used in real, augmented, and collaborative environments, new challenges arise that go beyond desktop scenarios and purely virtual environments. Toward addressing these challenges, we present a visualization technique that provides complementary views on the movement and eye tracking data recorded from multiple people in real‐world environments. Our method is based on a space‐time cube visualization and a linked 3D replay of recorded data. We showcase our approach with an experiment that examines how people investigate an artwork collection. The visualization provides insights into how people moved and inspected individual pictures in their spatial context over time. In contrast to existing methods, this analysis is possible for multiple participants without extensive annotation of areas of interest. Our technique was evaluated with a think‐aloud experiment to investigate analysis strategies and an interview with domain experts to examine the applicability in other research fields.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Been There, Seen That: Visualization of Movement and 3D Eye Tracking Data from Real‐World Environments

Pathmanathan

Oney

Becher

et al. 2023

Computer Graphics Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Spatial annotation is not possible at the moment. Tracking spatially annotated AOIs is already challenging in 2D and would in many cases require additional external tracking devices in AR experiments [KBPR22]. For individual recordings, keyframe‐based adjustment of boundary shapes might be an option.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments in VR also benefit from eye tracking for the interpretation of viewing behavior [CKK19, MPPO19]. In contrast, AR technology just recently became feasible for the application of eye tracking and therefore opens a new field of research [KBPR22] to adjust established techniques and develop new methods to gain insights into how people use AR applications.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Gaze Labeling for Augmented Reality Studies

Oney

Pathmanathan

Becher

et al. 2023

Computer Graphics Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Augmented Reality (AR) provides new ways for situated visualization and human‐computer interaction in physical environments. Current evaluation procedures for AR applications rely primarily on questionnaires and interviews, providing qualitative means to assess usability and task solution strategies. Eye tracking extends these existing evaluation methodologies by providing indicators for visual attention to virtual and real elements in the environment. However, the analysis of viewing behavior, especially the comparison of multiple participants, is difficult to achieve in AR. Specifically, the definition of areas of interest (AOIs), which is often a prerequisite for such analysis, is cumbersome and tedious with existing approaches. To address this issue, we present a new visualization approach to define AOIs, label fixations, and investigate the resulting annotated scanpaths. Our approach utilizes automatic annotation of gaze on virtual objects and an image‐based approach that also considers spatial context for the manual annotation of objects in the real world. Our results show, that with our approach, eye tracking data from AR scenes can be annotated and analyzed flexibly with respect to data aspects and annotation strategies.

show abstract

Tracing the Anima of Tuskegee Chapel

Han

2024

Technology|Architecture + Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evaluating Situated Visualization in AR with Eye Tracking

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Been There, Seen That: Visualization of Movement and 3D Eye Tracking Data from Real‐World Environments

Been There, Seen That: Visualization of Movement and 3D Eye Tracking Data from Real‐World Environments

Visual Gaze Labeling for Augmented Reality Studies

Tracing the Anima of Tuskegee Chapel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About