Evaluating Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change in Grapevine Production–A Systematic Review

Abstract

In many areas of the world, maintaining grapevine production will require adaptation to climate change. While rigorous evaluations of adaptation strategies provide decision makers with valuable insights, those that are published often overlook major constraints, ignore local adaptive capacity, and suffer from a compartmentalization of disciplines and scales. The objective of our study was to identify current knowledge of evaluation methods and their limitations, reported in the literature. We reviewed 111 papers that evaluate adaptation strategies in the main vineyards worldwide. Evaluation approaches are analyzed through key features (e.g., climate data sources, methodology, evaluation criteria) to discuss their ability to address climate change issues, and to identify promising outcomes for climate change adaptations. We highlight the fact that combining adaptation levers in the short and long term (location, vine training, irrigation, soil, and canopy management, etc.) enables local compromises to be reached between future water availability and grapevine productivity. The main findings of the paper are three-fold: (1) the evaluation of a combination of adaptation strategies provides better solutions for adapting to climate change; (2) multi-scale studies allow local constraints and opportunities to be considered; and (3) only a small number of studies have developed multi-scale and multi-lever approaches to quantify feasibility and effectiveness of adaptation. In addition, we found that climate data sources were not systematically clearly presented, and that climate uncertainty was hardly accounted for. Moreover, only a small number of studies have assessed the economic impacts of adaptation, especially at farm scale. We conclude that the development of methodologies to evaluate adaptation strategies, considering both complementary adaptations and scales, is essential if relevant information is to be provided to the decision-makers of the wine industry.

Optimization of Vineyard Water Management: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives

“…However, researchers are still interested in understanding the behavior of well-known grapevine varieties, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, in different regions such as Spain [201], Israel [202], or China [203]. In this sense, multi-scale and multi-lever approaches to quantify the feasibility and effectiveness of the irrigation practices are required [204].…”

Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

“…Extensive research in tree phenology has demonstrated that the increase in temperature and atmospheric CO 2 levels ultimately influences the number of chill hours required for dormancy breaking and the yield and fruit quality of temperate fruit crops [10,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] (examples are given in Tables 1 and 2). Several studies have evaluated the productivity of temperate fruit crops with the current status of global climate change [4,33,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. These studies addressed the various challenges that impact temperate fruit production [4].…”

“…Research has focused on different phenological stages such as bud swelling, the onset and end of blooming of apple and pear trees [44], as well as the adaptability of fruit crops to climate change conditions [45]. In this regard, an evaluation of various adaptation strategies for grapevines was conducted [46][47][48][49]. The projected impacts of climate change on frost effect for some temperate-zone-grown crops such as almond, avocado, and orange were also studied through evaluating plant requirements of energy and water to mitigate frost damage [50].…”

Adjustment of K+ Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change

“…Many research focalize on the improvement of our understanding of the underlying mechanisms controlling the vine and grape responses to climatic parameters that can appear individually or in combination. QTL analyses to identify key genes involved in the control of the characters studied [ 169 ] and adequate breeding programs or the definition of specific cultural practices are required [ 170 , 171 , 172 ]. Altogether, this information will be relevant to understand grape varietal adaptation to climate changes and to assist vine growers in choosing the best genotypes.…”