Evaluating the Combined Toxicity of Cu and ZnO Nanoparticles: Utility of the Concept of Additivity and a Nested Experimental Design

Liu, Yang; Baas, Jan; Peijnenburg, Willie J.G.M.; Vijver, Martina G.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b00614

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The accurate mechanisms of toxic effects are not largely known, but different mechanisms could cause the toxicity of NPs depending on the organisms tested [ 36 ]. Different effects of NP mixtures on plant and animal cells, which may be caused by different features of bioavailability and toxicity across the species, were reported by investigators [ 22 , 37 ]. In general, the toxicity of NPs can be attributed to their chemical properties (e.g., dissolution of ions) or to the oxidative stress or stimuli induced by the physicochemical characteristics of NPs, which result in damage to cellular components [ 32 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Toxicity Evaluation of Individual and Mixtures of Nanoparticles Based on Algal Chlorophyll Content and Cell Count

Koh

Kong³

2018

Materials

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The toxic effects of individual and binary mixtures of five metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated based on changes in two endpoints of algal growth: the cell count and chlorophyll content. Various effects were observed according to the concentration tested and type of NPs, and there were no significant differences in findings for the two endpoints. In general, ZnO NPs caused the greatest inhibition of algal growth, and Fe2O3 NPs the least. The EC50 for ZnO was 2.0 mg/L for the cell count and 2.6 mg/L for the chlorophyll content, and it was 76 and 90 mg/L, respectively, for Fe2O3. The EC50 values were in the order ZnO > NiO > CuO > TiO2 > Fe2O3. Subsequently, the effects of 30 binary mixture combinations on the chlorophyll content were evaluated. Comparisons were made between the observed and the expected toxicities calculated based on the individual NP toxicities. Overall, additive action (67%) was mainly observed, followed by antagonistic (16.5%) and synergistic (16.5%) actions. These results suggest that environmental exposure to NP mixtures may cause toxicity levels similar to the sum of those of the constituent NPs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Toxicity Evaluation of Individual and Mixtures of Nanoparticles Based on Algal Chlorophyll Content and Cell Count

Koh

Kong³

2018

Materials

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“…Srivastave [46] reported that the treatment of Co-NPs on root meristems showed mitotoxic and genotoxic effects and it causes a reduction in the active mitotic index and also disturbed normal mitotic behavior of cells by inducing various types of chromosomal aberrations. Although the phytotoxicity of NPs to plants remains largely unknown, several studies have reported that toxicity can be affected by several factors, including solubilized metal ions, partial solubility, intimate contact ability, NP uptake and accumulation, production of ROS upon contact, NP type, morphology (shape), particle size, crystallinity, surface chemistry, residual chemical impurities, and environmental factors such as pH and ionic strength [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Effects On Germination and Root/shoot Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effects of Particle Sizes of Cobalt Nanoparticles to Nine Biological Activities

Kong

Koh

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The differences in the toxicity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co-NPs) of two different sizes were evaluated in the contexts of the activities of bacterial bioluminescence, xyl-lux gene, enzyme function and biosynthesis of β-galactosidase, bacterial gene mutation, algal growth, and plant seed germination and root/shoot growth. Each size of Co-NP exhibited a different level of toxicity (sensitivity) in each biological activity. No revertant mutagenic ratio (greater than 2.0) of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 was observed under the test conditions in the case of gene-mutation experiments. Overall, the inhibitory effects on all five bacterial bioassays were greater than those on algal growth, seed germination, and root growth. However, in all cases, the small Co-NPs showed statistically greater (total average about two times) toxicity than the large Co-NPs, except in shoot growth, which showed no observable inhibition. These findings demonstrate that particle size may be an important physical factor determining the fate of Co-NPs in the environment. Moreover, combinations of results based on various biological activities and physicochemical properties, rather than only a single activity and property, would better facilitate accurate assessment of NPs’ toxicity in ecosystems.

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“…Additionally, tests on the root elongation of terrestrial plants in hydroponic systems (Liu et al, 2016) and on fish cells were performed. Procedures for these tests were developed as part of the MARINA project as no OECD TGs were available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory ecotoxicity testing of nanomaterials – proposed modifications of OECD test guidelines based on laboratory experience with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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Evaluating the Combined Toxicity of Cu and ZnO Nanoparticles: Utility of the Concept of Additivity and a Nested Experimental Design

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Toxicity Evaluation of Individual and Mixtures of Nanoparticles Based on Algal Chlorophyll Content and Cell Count

Toxicity Evaluation of Individual and Mixtures of Nanoparticles Based on Algal Chlorophyll Content and Cell Count

Comparative Effects of Particle Sizes of Cobalt Nanoparticles to Nine Biological Activities

Regulatory ecotoxicity testing of nanomaterials – proposed modifications of OECD test guidelines based on laboratory experience with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

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