Evaluating the environmental fate of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in the Nordic environment using a dynamic multimedia model

Abstract

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are under review for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). However, major uncertainties remain with regard to their environmental fate due to the complexity of the mixture and analytical challenges. In this study, we show that the link between environmental emissions and exposure of SCCPs can be evaluated by comparing simulation results from a dynamic environmental fate and bioaccumulation multimedia model (CoZMoMAN) with existing measurement data. CoZMoMAN was successfully applied to predict SCCPs concentrations in various media in good accordance with the measurements, which increases the confidence in the applied model and facilitates an assessment of key knowledge gaps in the overall understanding of the environmental fate of SCCPs.

Introducing a nested multimedia fate and transport model for organic contaminants (NEM)

“…hydrocarbon mixtures in gasoline 75,76 or different formula groups of the short-chain chlorinated paraf-ns. 40 However, while previous efforts of this type were restricted to relatively simple non-spatially resolved models, NEM opens up the possibility to simulate spatial and temporal aspects of the fate of contaminant mixtures, e.g. by investigating how mixture composition will change in space and time.…”

“…CoZMo-POP2 has been evaluated for PCBs 39 and short-chain chlorinated paraffins. 40 Similarly, BETR-Global has been previously evaluated and applied. 37,38 By relying on previously documented models and process descriptions, we can restrict the model documentation to those elements of NEM that are novel and make it different from CoZMo-POP2 and BETR-Global.…”

Health risks posed to infants in rural China by exposure to short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in breast milk

“…It has been estimated that the dietary intakes of SCCPs in cooking oil by Chinese people range from 0.78 to 38.0 μg d −1 (Cao et al, 2015). Meanwhile, it has been predicted using a human exposure model that the consumption of fish could contribute high proportions (80%-100%) of SCCP intakes in Nordic countries (Krogseth et al, 2013). Dietary information was collected from all of the donors of samples in our study to allow us to attempt to determine whether food could be an important source of CPs in breast milk in China.…”

Distribution and congener profiles of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in indoor/outdoor glass window surface films and their film-air partitioning in Beijing, China

“…Commercial CP mixtures can be divided into different categories based on their carbon chain length: short-chain (SCCPs, C 10 -C 13 ), medium-chain (C 14 -C 17 ), and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (C 20 -C 30 ) (Muir et al, 2000). Among them, SC-CPs draw more attention because of their higher adverse effects (Tomy et al, 1998;Feo et al, 2009;De Boer, 2010) on the environment and human health and their potential to bioaccumulate and travel throughout the atmosphere (Krogseth et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2014). These contaminants have been included in regulatory programs from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the European Union (ECD, 2000) and now are candidates to be classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention.…”