Evaluating the frequency of anatomical variations of the sinonasal region in pediatric and adult age groups according to gender: computed tomography findings of 1532 cases

Abstract

Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively the frequency of anatomical variations in sinonasal region, which were frequently seen in our cases, for whom coronal section paranasal computed tomography imaging (CPNCT) was taken, as well as the correlation of these variations with age and gender and correlations of identified anatomical variations with one another. In the study, CBCT scans of a total of 1532 (825 males and 707 females) cases were evaluated in order to determine the prevalence of anatomical variations of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. All the images were taken by a multi-detector CT device (Aquilion, Toshiba medical system, Tokyo, Japan). Results Most frequently detected three anatomical variations were septum deviation (79.7%), concha bullosa (40.9%), and ethmoid bulla (21.0%) according to the frequency order. When the frequency of anatomical variations was evaluated according to gender, septum deviation, concha bullosa, and anterior clinoid process pneumatization were more frequently observed in males and Onodi cell in females (p < 0.05). When the relationships of the anatomical variations with one another were evaluated, it was found that the possibility of the presence of concha bullosa in the septum deviation cases and the presence of ethmoid bulla in the cases with Haller cell septum were higher (p < 0.05). In terms of the anatomical variations that were evaluated by taking age as the independent variable, a statistically significant difference was observed in pterygoid process pneumatization, Haller cell, pneumatized crista galli, ethmoid bulla, and paradoxical middle concha between the adult and children age groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion In terms of the frequency of occurrence to various sinonasal region variations, statistically significant differences were observed between both genders and age groups. The correlations of the detected variations with each other were also remarkable. Consequently, it is believed that comprehensive studies and serious objective evaluations evaluating the change of frequency of anatomical variations according to age and gender besides their correlation with each other are required.

Nasal septal anatomical variations among Saudi population and their possible coincidence with sinusitis: a computed tomography scan study

“…For example, NSD frequency in the Spanish population was 80.0% as revealed by Pérez-Piñas et al [24] when diagnosed NSD with any detected angle of deviation. In addition, the prevalence of septal deviation was higher than our results according to Clark et al [25] (76.0% in Americans), Janovic et al [11] (92.7% in Serbians), Bora et al [14] (79.7% in Turkish) and Chandel et al [2] (78.9% in Indians) (Table 9).…”

“…The prevalence of NSP in the present study was 23.6% which closely matches the prevalence reported by Al-Qudah [39] as 27.0% in Jordanians. On the other hand, higher frequencies were reported by Turna et al [19] as 34.8% in Turk-ish, while lower prevalence rates were observed by Biswas et al [9] as 12.0% in Indians, Alshaikh and Aldhurais [34] as 15.0% in Saudi, Onwuchekwa and Alazigha [22] as 8.2% in Nigerians, Shrestha et al [15] as 6.5% in Nepali, and Bora et al [14] as 1.3% in Turkish. Moreover, no case with NSP was revealed by Adeel et al [21] in Pakistanis (Table 9).…”

“…Regarding the present study, the NSD incidence was significantly higher in males than in females (80.0% vs. 67.4%) which is in contrast to the results of Smith et al [13] who revealed that NSD was more prevalent in females. Moreover, Bora et al [14] and Shrestha et al [15] found that there is no statistical difference between frequencies of septal deviation in both genders (Table 9).…”

CT of Anatomic Variants of Sinonasal region and its correlation with symptoms of Rhinosinusitis

“…According to a study by Gruszka, K et al, anatomic variants of sinonasal region are subjected to genetic and environmental influences. The most frequent variant seen in Polish population was septal deviation while in Turkish population, it was aggernasi cells 9 .…”