Evaluating the influence of deep convection on tropopause thermodynamics and lower stratospheric water vapor: A RELAMPAGO case study using the WRF model

Gamelin, B.; Carvalho, Leila M. V.; Jones, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105986

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…After discarding the above hypothesis, it was observed that the only correspondence with any climate patterns could be with the PDO, which, during warm climatic stages, would have a periodicity of between 12 and 20 years [84]. The influence of the PDO on the temperature of South America was described in different investigations [85], being in turn remotely connected from the ENSO [30,86,87] and the SST [88], climate patterns that could be directly influential to Cordillera Blanca. However, none of these last patterns showed significant periodicities in the present study that coincided with these PDO cycles, perhaps due to the range of data analyzed.…”

Section: Long Term Periodicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Patterns and Their Influence in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Deduced from Spectral Analysis Techniques

Sánchez

Úbeda²,

Tanarro³

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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Climate patterns are natural processes that drive climate variability in the short, medium, and long term. Characterizing the patterns behind climate variability is essential to understand the functioning of the regional atmospheric system. Since investigations typically reveal only the link and extent of the influence of climate patterns in specific regions, the magnitude of that influence in meteorological records usually remains unclear. The central Peruvian Andes are affected by most of the common climate patterns of tropical areas, such as Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), solar irradiance, Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). They are also affected by regional processes that are exclusive from South America, such as the South American Low-Level Jet (SALLJ), South American Monsoon System (SAMS), Bolivian High (BH), and Humboldt Current. The aim of this research is to study the climate variability of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature records over Cordillera Blanca (Peru), and its relationship with the intensity and periodicity of the common climate patterns that affect this region. To achieve this aim, a spectral analysis based on Lomb’s Periodogram was performed over meteorological records (1986–2019) and over different climate pattern indexes. Results show a coincidence in periodicity between MJO and SALLJ, with monthly cycles for precipitation and temperature (27-day, 56-day, and 90-day cycles). Moreover, the most intense periodicities, such as annual (365 days) and biannual (182 and 122 days) cycles in meteorological variables, possibly would be led by ITCZ and ENSO together, as well as a combination of the Humboldt Current and SALLJ. Additionally, interannual periodicities (3-year, 4.5-year, 5.6–7-year and 11-year cycles) would have coincidence with the ENSO–solar combination, while the longest cycles (16 years) could match PDO variability.

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Section: Long Term Periodicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Patterns and Their Influence in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Deduced from Spectral Analysis Techniques

Sánchez

Úbeda²,

Tanarro³

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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“…Fluctuations in atmospheric temperature resulting from different monsoon circulation systems, such as the Asian summer monsoon and polar vortex, can cause abnormal changes of tropopause height and increase the possibility of DT formation (Randel et al, 2007a;Rieckh et al, 2014;Ravindrababu et al, 2020;Shangguan et al, 2019). Currently, some studies have focused on atmospheric stability and tracers STE processes associated with the DT events, revealing that DT can impact the maximum water vapor levels and stratospheric hydration in the lower stratosphere, as well as ultimately ozone concentration, transported by convective overshooting (Randel et al, 2007a;Pan et al, 2004;Gamelin et al, 2022;Homeyer et al, 2014b;Homeyer et al, 2014a). DT has an important influence on the vertical distribution, transport, and diffusion of atmospheric compositions, with active STE, and is a non-negligible key stratification when considering any mid-latitude stratosphere-troposphere activities (Peevey et al, 2014;Parracho et al, 2014;Liu and Barnes, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to detect the tropopause structure based on bi-Gaussian function

Zhang,

Luo,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. The tropopause is important as a diagnostic of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere structures, with unique atmospheric thermal, dynamic structures. A comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the fine tropopause structures is necessary and primary to further study the complex multi-scale atmospheric physicochemical coupling processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Utilizing the bi-Gaussian function, a novel method is capable of identifying the characteristic parameters of tropopause vertical structures, as well as providing the information of double tropopauses (DT) structures. The new method improves the definition of cold point tropopause, and detects one (or two) most significant local coldest point(s) in mathematical statistics by fitting the temperature profiles to the bi-Gaussian function, which is (are) defined as the tropopause height(s). The bi-Gaussian function exhibits remarkable potential for explicating the variation trend of temperature profiles. The recognition results of the bi-Gaussian method and lapse rate tropopause, as defined by World Meteorological Organization, are compared in detail for different cases. Results indicate that the bi-Gaussian method possesses a lower missed detection rate and false detection rate than lapse rate tropopause, because it is not restricted by thresholds, even in the presence of multiple temperature inversion layers at higher elevations. Five-year (from 2012 to 2016) historical radiosondes in China revealed that the occurrence frequency and thickness of DT, as well as the single tropopause height, and the first and second DT height displayed significant meridional monotonic variations. The occurrence frequency (thickness) of DT increased from 2.93 % (2.61 km) to 72.45 % (6.84 km) in the latitude range [16° N, 50° N]. At mid-latitudes [30° N, 40° N], the meridional gradients of tropopause height were relatively large, essentially corresponding to the climatological location of the subtropical jet and Tibetan Plateau. The average DT thickness reported in this study is approximately 1–2 km thicker than that in previous studies, particularly in the mid-high latitudes [45° N, 50° N], which may be related to the different vertical resolution of temperature profiles provided by various data sources. DT structure occurs most frequently and has the largest meridional gradient in the mid-latitudes, formatted by a combination of poleward advection in the low-latitude upper troposphere and equatorward advection in the high-latitude lower stratosphere. In addition, although DT is thick in winter, the DT temperature difference is small, even the case of the first tropopause temperature is lower than the second tropopause temperature happens occasionally.

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“…Deep convection carries high amounts of water vapour, dust, aerosols, and trace gases from the polluted boundary layer that may reside at high altitudes for times much longer than the duration of the storm (days versus hours). Spreading over extended regions (~100–1000 km), they perturb the radiative properties of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region 3 – 5 . Lightning affects trace species’ concentrations by specific chemical reactions in the heated lightning channel 6 – 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical observations of thunderstorms from the International Space Station: recent results and perspectives

2023

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The International Space Station (ISS) is in the lowest available orbit at ~400 km altitude, bringing instruments as close to the atmosphere as possible from the vantage point of space. The orbit inclination is 51.6°, which brings the ISS over all the low- and mid-latitude regions of the Earth and at all local times. It is an ideal platform to observe deep convection and electrification of thunderstorms, taken advantage of by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and the Atmosphere Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM) experiments. In the coming years, meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit (~36,000 km altitude) will provide sophisticated cloud and lightning observations with almost complete coverage of the Earth’s thunderstorm regions. In addition, Earth-observing satellite instruments in geostationary- and low-Earth orbit (LEO) will measure more atmospheric parameters at a higher resolution than we know today. The new infrastructure in space offers an opportunity to advance our understanding of the role of thunderstorms in atmospheric dynamics and climate change. Here, we discuss how observations from the ISS or other LEO platforms with instruments that view the atmosphere at slanted angles can complement the measurements from primarily nadir-oriented instruments of present and planned missions. We suggest that the slanted viewing geometry from LEO may resolve the altitude of electrical activity and the cloud structure where they occur, with implications for modelling thunderstorms’ effects on the atmosphere’s radiative properties and climate balance.

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Evaluating the influence of deep convection on tropopause thermodynamics and lower stratospheric water vapor: A RELAMPAGO case study using the WRF model

Cited by 6 publications

References 81 publications

Climate Patterns and Their Influence in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Deduced from Spectral Analysis Techniques

Climate Patterns and Their Influence in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Deduced from Spectral Analysis Techniques

A novel method to detect the tropopause structure based on bi-Gaussian function

Optical observations of thunderstorms from the International Space Station: recent results and perspectives

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