Evaluating the Use of Additive Manufacturing in Industry Applications

Schneck, Matthias; Gollnau, Matthias; Lutter-Günther, Max; Haller, Benjamin C.; Schlick, Georg; Lakomiec, Marius; Reinhart, Gunther

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.03.004

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The ability of inkjet printing is to directly print patterns layer-by-layer based on digital images to provide additive manufacturing, without involving any photolithography process [11][12][13][14]. Moreover, inkjet-printed technology can be claimed to be environmentally friendly due to the savings in materials and the reduction in the amount of waste generated which provides more economical than other additive manufacturing technologies [15][16][17]. Filling-in an A4 size paper only requires 0.75 mL of silver ink, about U.S. $7.5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Inkjet-Printed Strain Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2020

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A fully inkjet-printed strain sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was fabricated in this study for microstrain and microcrack detection. Carbon nanotubes and silver films were used as the sensing layer and conductive layer, respectively. Inkjet-printed CNTs easily undergo agglomeration due to van der Waals forces between CNTs, resulting in uneven films. The uniformity of CNT film affects the electrical and mechanical properties. Multi-pass printing and pattern rotation provided precise quantities of sensing materials, enabling the realization of uniform CNT films and stable resistance. Three strain sensors printed eight-layer CNT film by unidirectional printing, rotated by 180° and 90° were compared. The low density on one side of eight-layer CNT film by unidirectional printing results in more disconnection and poor connectivity with the silver film, thereby, significantly increasing the resistance. For 180° rotation eight-layer strain sensors, lower sensitivity and smaller measured range were found because strain was applied to the uneven CNT film resulting in non-uniform strain distribution. Lower resistance and better strain sensitivity was obtained for eight-layer strain sensor with 90° rotation because of uniform film. Given the uniform surface morphology and saturated sheet resistance of the 20-layer CNT film, the strain performance of the 20-layer CNT strain sensor was also examined. Excluding the permanent destruction of the first strain, 0.76% and 1.05% responses were obtained for the 8- and 20-layer strain sensors under strain between 0% and 3128 µε, respectively, which demonstrates the high reproducibility and recoverability of the sensor. The gauge factor (GF) of 20-layer strain sensor was found to be 2.77 under strain from 71 to 3128 µε, which is higher than eight-layer strain sensor (GF = 1.93) due to the uniform surface morphology and stable resistance. The strain sensors exhibited a highly linear and reversible behavior under strain of 71 to 3128 µε, so that the microstrain level could be clearly distinguished. The technology of the fully inkjet-printed CNT-based microstrain sensor provides high reproducibility, stability, and rapid hardness detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Inkjet-Printed Strain Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2020

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“…The restrictions given in the following arise from the chosen additive manufacturing process, the laser powder bed fusion of metals method (PBF-LB/M), and the used printer, a Realizer 125 system (DMG Mori, Bielefeld, Germany). In designs for PBF-LB/M, overhangs in the component geometry are to be avoided as insufficient heat dissipation would be the consequence and overhangs realized by the usage of support structures would lead to additional postfabrication steps. − …”

Section: Microreactor Development: Concept and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In designs for PBF-LB/M, overhangs in the component geometry are to be avoided as insufficient heat dissipation would be the consequence and overhangs realized by the usage of support structures would lead to additional postfabrication steps. 35 − 39 …”

Section: Microreactor Development: Concept and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Performance Monitoring of Electrochemical Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors in an Additively Manufactured Modular Microreactor

Doering,

Trinkies,

Kieninger

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Miniaturized and microstructured reactors in process engineering are essential for a more decentralized, flexible, sustainable, and resilient chemical production. Modern, additive manufacturing methods for metals enable complex reactor-geometries, increased functionality, and faster design iterations, a clear advantage over classical subtractive machining and polymer-based approaches. Integrated microsensors allow online, in situ process monitoring to optimize processes like the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. We developed a modular tube-in-tube membrane reactor fabricated from stainless steel via 3D printing by laser powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M). The reactor concept enables the spatially separated dosage and resaturation of two gaseous reactants across a membrane into a liquid process medium. Uniquely, we integrated platinum-based electrochemical sensors for the online detection of analytes to reveal the dynamics inside the reactor. An advanced chronoamperometric protocol combined the simultaneous concentration measurement of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen with monitoring of the sensor performance and self-calibration in long-term use. We demonstrated the highly linear and sensitive monitoring of hydrogen peroxide and dissolved oxygen entering the liquid phase through the membrane. Our measurements delivered important real-time insights into the dynamics of the concentrations in the reactor, highlighting the power of electrochemical sensors applied in process engineering. We demonstrated the stable continuous measurement over 1 week and estimated the sensor lifetime for months in the acidic process medium. Our approach combines electrochemical sensors for process monitoring with advanced, additively manufactured stainless steel membrane microreactors, supporting the power of sensor-equipped microreactors as contributors to the paradigm change in process engineering and toward a greener chemistry.

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“…This momentum might be attributed to the claims of a future where AM will realize low cost efficient production of any shape in any material [113]. Current industrial additive manufacturing practice shows that this bright future is yet to be [149]. Timely identification of the match between design task, product requirements and AM capabilities is needed.…”

Section: Am Suitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%