“…Comparing with other studies, the values of pH were in the same range (Onchoke et al, 2022), while another study carried out in the USA with a lower number of WWTPs (Onchoke et al, 2018) showed narrower ranges for C (30-32%) and N (8-10%), and higher values of P (935-1705 mg kg −1 ), and Ca (1,521-3,869 mg kg −1 ), but the maximum values of Mg (709 mg kg −1 ), K (679 mg kg −1 ), Na (2,303 mg kg −1 ), Al (12,857 mg kg −1 ), Cr (20 mg kg −1 ), Mn (1,103 mg kg −1 ), Fe (22,688 mg kg −1 ), Ni (19.8 mg kg −1 ), Cu (550 mg kg −1 ), Zn (772 mg kg −1 ), As (13 mg kg −1 ), Cd (0.5 mg kg −1 ), Hg (0.6 mg kg −1 ), and Pb (34 mg kg −1 ) were significantly smaller than the maximum concentrations detected in our samples. Similarly, in a study in Poland Latosinska et al (2021) reported that the maximum concentrations of Cu (196 mg kg −1 ), Cr (2,760 mg kg −1 ), Cd (12 mg kg −1 ), and Ni (44 mg kg −1 ) in sludge were smaller than in our samples, but Pb (427 mg kg −1 ) and Zn (5,351 mg kg −1 ) showed higher concentrations.…”