Evaluation and classification of the potential carcinogenicity of organic air pollutants

Helmes, C. Tucker; Atkinson, Dwight; Jaffer, J.; Sigman, Caroline C.; Thompson, K. L.; Kelsey, Morris I.; Kraybill, H. F.; Munn, J. I.

doi:10.1080/10934528209375038

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…1,1,1-Trichloroethane, a popular solvent in recent years, has undergone a rapid growth (17,18). It is weakly mutagenic, although considerable disagreement as to its health effects exists (8,9,32). Virtually all the manufactured amount is released into the environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable debate on the potential carcinogenicity of these alkenes currently exists (8,10,33). Their annual U.S.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial mutagenicity tests are simple and direct and provide a useful screening test for carcinogenicity. The carcinogenicity information is based on tests involving epidemiology and a critical and comprehensive evaluation of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and other toxicological data (8)(9)(10). The terms "bacterial mutagens" (BM) and "suspect carcinogens" (SC) as used here do not imply that a proven human health hazard exists; however, these chemicals are 872 Environ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of selected gaseous organic mutagens and suspect carcinogens in ambient air

Singh¹,

Salas²,

Stiles³

1982

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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An on-site field data collection program, based on short-term studies, was conducted in seven U.S. cities. Atmospheric concentrations, variabilities, and diurnal behaviors of 20 gaseous organic bacterial mutagens or suspect carcinogens are described. Except for benzene and formaldehyde, average concentration levels for all chemicals measured were in the 0-1-ppb range. Benzene and formaldehyde average levels were in the 1-6 and 10-20-ppb range, respectively. Typical diurnal profiles show highest concentrations during nighttime or early morning hours, with minimum concentrations in the afternoon hours; chemistry plays only a nominal role in defining this diurnal behavior in most cases. It is concluded that organic mutagens have always existed in the atmosphere (and the ocean), although at relatively low background concentrations. Our measurements for this group of 20 chemicals show that in the cleanest environments the present exposure is more than twice the natural background, whereas in the U.S. cities we studied exposure may be 15-30 times greater.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable debate on the potential carcinogenicity of these alkenes currently exists (8,10,33). Their annual U.S.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of selected gaseous organic mutagens and suspect carcinogens in ambient air

Singh¹,

Salas²,

Stiles³

1982

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Some epidemiological studies show a positive correlation between air pollution and human lung cancer [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenicity and pah‐analysis of airborne particulate matter in rural site of central Taiwan, Sha‐Lu

Fang

2001

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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The mutagens or carcinogens were detected in air pollutants from several sources, including combustion products such as diesel exhaust, coal, terchimney soot, fly ash, photocopier toners, cigarette smoke, and other environmental samples. Air Particulate samples for total suspended particle (TSP) was collected from August to December 1999 at Hungkuang Institute of Technology (HKIT) site in central Taiwan, Sha-Lu. Their mutagenicity was examined with Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in presence or absence of S9 mix. The mutagenicity showed a good correlation with amounts of the acetone extractable matter of airborne particulates. The carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the airborne particulates were extracted by an organic solvent and determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC/PDA). The results indicated that the amounts of acetone extractable matters of air samples showed a significant correlation with direct (r = .87) and indirect mutagenicity (r = .80) in strain TA98 and with direct (r = .73) and indirect mutagenicity (r = .91) in TA100, respectively. In addition, the mutagenic activities were increased significantly during period of November to December in the rural site of central Taiwan, Sha-Lu.

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“…For example, BTEX is known to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic (Crump 1994;Dutta et al 2009). However, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes carcinogenicity and mutagenicity has not been proven although could be possible (Helmes et al 1982;Mansha et al 2011) and also, they are the precursors of toxic radical intermediates in the atmosphere (Possanzini et al 2004) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of BTEX compounds in Tehran, Iran using UNMIX receptor model

Dehghani

Sanaei

Nabizadeh

et al. 2016

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Understanding the distribution levels and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOC), mainly benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), in the ambient atmosphere is important for efficiently managing and implementing the associated control strategies. We measured BTEX compounds at an industrial location in the west Tehran city (Iran), which is highly influenced by industrial activities and traffic during the winter and spring seasons during 2014-2015. A multivariate receptor model, UNMIX, was applied on the measured data for the identification of the sources and their contributions to BTEX compounds in a highly industrialised and trafficked atmospheric environment of Tehran city. Three main groups of sources were identified. These included solvent and painting sources (e.g. vehicle manufacturing), motorised road vehicles and mixed origin sources. While the solvent and painting sources and vehicle exhaust emissions contributed to about 5 and 29% of total BTEX mass, respectively, the mixed origin source contributed to about two-third (~66%) of the remaining mass. These mixed origin sources included rubber and plastic manufacturing (39%), leather industries (28%) and the unknown sources (33%). The mean concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and average xylene(o, p,m) compounds were measured as 28.96±9.12 µg m-3 , 29.55±9.73 µg m-3 , 28.61±12.2 µg/m-3 and 25.68±10.58 µg m-3 , respectively. A high correlation coefficient (R 2 >0.94) was also found between predicted (modelled) and measured concentrations for each sample. Further analyses from UNMIX receptor model showed that the average weekday contributions of BTEX compounds were significantly higher during winter compared with those during spring. This higher concentration during winter may be attributed to calm wind conditions and high stability of

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Evaluation and classification of the potential carcinogenicity of organic air pollutants

Cited by 30 publications

References 97 publications

Distribution of selected gaseous organic mutagens and suspect carcinogens in ambient air

Distribution of selected gaseous organic mutagens and suspect carcinogens in ambient air

Mutagenicity and pah‐analysis of airborne particulate matter in rural site of central Taiwan, Sha‐Lu

Source apportionment of BTEX compounds in Tehran, Iran using UNMIX receptor model

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