Evaluation and Monitoring of Urban Public Greenspace Planning Using Landscape Metrics in Kunming

Abstract

Urban greenspace planning plays a crucial role in improving the quality of human settlements and the living standard of citizens. Urban public greenspace (UPGS) is an important part of urban greenspaces. Existing literature rarely includes a scientific evaluation of greenspace plans (including of UPGS) and plan implementation effects. To bridge this gap, this study evaluated and monitored the UPGS plan enacted in 2010 in Kunming, China. Object-based image classification and visual interpretation of satellite images and Google Earth imagery were used to quantify the different periods of UPGS implementation. Six indicators and monitoring at four classic sites were applied to explore the change at two scales (overall scale and district scale) for monitoring the UPGS plan execution. The results showed that UPGS structure greatly improved after plan implementation. However, UPGS provision per capita has not reached the level of greenspace planning and the connectivity was poor. Significant implementation inequalities existed in each district and implementation has lagged behind schedule. This study contributes to a better understanding of greenspace planning and urban planning in general, which can help improve future planning and planning decisions.

Evaluating Urban Green Public Spaces: The Case Study of Krasnodar Region Cities, Russia

“…The first deals with the difference between the terms green place and public green place, green network and public green network. Foreign authors do not distinguish these terms [13,19,31] because, by default, all green places in the city serve not only ecological but also social life. However, the case study of Russian cities indicates the necessity of a clear definition of the lands that can be included in the green city network because not all green places in Russian cities are in social use on the one hand, and not all public spaces can be integrated into city green backbone [16,36].…”

“…Today, worldwide, the evaluation of the city's territorial space development mainly uses mathematic models of collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data [7,13,17,19,31,32,34,35]. In Russia, a lack of quantitative data makes qualitative data analysis more usual [5,9,11,15,16,21,36].…”

“…The concept of green infrastructure as a planned network of both natural and seminatural areas interconnected with other urban environmental features designed and managed with the aim to favor urban ecology has attracted special attention of both academic research and planning practice specialists in Russia [4,10,[14][15][16] and across the world [1,2,7,[17][18][19][20]. The results show a new green spaces trend and a significant increase in the city greenness over the last 10 years [3].…”

“…The results show a new green spaces trend and a significant increase in the city greenness over the last 10 years [3]. Used as a spatial planning instrument, green network provides not only environmental advantages, which include climate change mitigation and adaptation [1,20,21] but additionally deliver a wide range of social benefits [19,[22][23][24] and economic services [15,25], which positively impact on people's health, well-being and prosperity. Particular research considers planning streets as public spaces and interconnecting elements between city parks, natural green areas and other city attractions [26][27][28].…”

The Importance of Connected and Interspersed Urban Green and Blue Space for Biodiversity: A Case Study in Cork City, Ireland

“…In urban environments, studies using landscape metrics have identified a low connectivity of green and blue spaces, partially due to the dominance of the built environment in cities [17]. Such dominance of the built environment has a detrimental effect on biodiversity due to a lack of habitat [18,19].…”