Evaluation de deux méthodes de lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs en vergers d'agrumes

Abstract

Evaluation of two IPM methods to control main pests in citrus orchards This study aims to the consolidation of the acquired knowledge regarding integrated pest management (IPM) against the main pests in citrus orchards. We provide evidence that the principles of this method already tested on small scales, are quite applicable on larger ones. In addition to this aspect, the purpose of our work has been the evaluation of two IPM methods: the first one, has been tested in Morocco for 3 years in areas not exceeding 1.2 ha; the second one originating from Australia, is presently recommended by the Plant Protection Authorities in Morocco. The results obtained confirm the complementarity between these two methods which are not mutually exclusive, despite some advantages recorded in favour of this method or the other. Our results show that the Moroccan method is more efficient in monitoring aphids and citrus leaf miner (CLM) population as it leads to the same results while reducing by half the number of the samples inspected. In contrast, mites monitoring is more convenient with the Australian method, allowing a good evaluation of the numbers of phytoseiid predators. Moreover, this method enabled us to reduce the quantity of pesticides used against Mediterranean fruit fly through treatment by lured spots reducing pulp volume by more than 92.8% and costs by 20%. These two methods gave the same results for monitoring population dynamics of California red scale and Mediterranean fruit fly but, fruit infestation at harvest was higher with the Australian method than the method developed locally (70.95% against 74.75 for California red scale and 2.35 against 3.35 for Mediterranean fruit fly).

Comparative efficacy of mass trapping and attract-and-kill technique in the control of medfly (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann) in Central Moroccan peach orchards

“…It is also important to note that no chemical treatment was applied in the mass trapping plot, whereas 11 and 15 treatments, localized on straw tufts, were carried out in the plots controlled with the attractand-kill technique on 'Ryan Sun' and 'Rome Star' varieties, respectively. In this respect, using the attractand-kill technique against medfly on citrus, Benziane et al, (2003) carried out 7 sprays with an infestation rate equivalent to the generalized chemical control. Similarly, other previous studies also showed that mass trapping alone or accompanied by a limited number of treatments gave satisfactory control of C. capitata on citrus (Eltazi et al, 2008;Martinez-Ferrer et al, 2012;Boulahia-Kheder et al, 2015).…”

“…Such disinfestation methods include gamma radiation (Moy et al, 1983) and fumigation with methylbromide (Tebbets et al, 1983). In Morocco, the fight against C. capitata has evolved through several stages, ranging from generalized chemical control to bait spraying, which consists of spraying straw tufts with a mixture of an insecticide and a food bait, and to mass trapping control (Benziane et al, 2003). Concerning mass trapping control of C. capitata, this technique has expanded rapidly due to improving attractiveness and selectivity, and areas protected by this method of control are constantly expanding (Heath et al, 1997;Epsky et al, 1999;Miranda et al, 2001;Alemany et al, 2004).…”

Evaluation of the Impact of Different Management Methods on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Their Predators in Citrus Orchards

“…We left two untreated lines (12 m) between the different treated plots to avoid overlapping treatments. The total number of predators ( P. persimilis, Typhlodromus sp., and E. stipulatis ) and phytophagous mite ( T. urticae ) found on the 10 leaves of each plot was recorded [ 35 ]. All mites, except eggs and mites in quiescence, were counted on both sides of each leaf with a professional eye loop 10×.…”

Advancements in management of major fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in North Africa and future challenges: A review

“…In North Africa, trapping‐based‐technologies are currently being used in some countries but in limited way and with variable results (Benziane et al., 2003; Boulahia‐Kheder et al., 2018; Mazih, 2015). Moreover in these developing countries as in the rest of the world, biosecurity problems will increase due to globalization and the weakness of prevention capacities (FAO, 2003; Waage & Mumford, 2008), thus increasing the threat of accidental introduction of new fruit fly species and outbreaks.…”

“…In North Africa, trapping-based-technologies are currently being used in some countries but in limited way and with variable results (Benziane et al, 2003;Boulahia-Kheder et al, 2018;Mazih, 2015).…”