Evaluation for transvaginal and transgastric NOTES cholecystectomy in human and animal natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery

Abstract

Transvaginal and transgastric NOTES cholecystectomy is technically feasible and safe in both humans and animals. New instrumentation needs to be developed to perform a pure NOTES cholecystectomy without transabdominal assistance.

Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (Notes): Surgical Technique and Results

“…Fifteen lymph nodes were obtained from the iliac vessels or the region of the promontory and four from the preaortic or lateral aortic regions. Sugimoto et al (2009) performed one case of transvaginal NOTES cholecystectomy in a human female cadaver. The surgical time was 87 minutes and there was no major complication.…”

On the suitability of Thiel cadavers for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES): surgical training, feasibility studies, and anatomical education

“…Using cadavers for medical training and scientific research is carried out according to European, Italian, and regional guidelines [32,33]. Transgastric Access to the lesser sac 6 [10] Transgastric Access to the abdominal cavity 1 [11] Transgastric Intraabdominal exploration, cholecystectomy 8 [12] Transgastric and transcolonic Intraabdominal exploration 3 [13] Transvaginal Nephrectomy 3 [14] Transvaginal Nephrectomy 4 [15] Transvaginal Nephrectomy 2 a [16] Transvaginal Adrenalectomy 2 [17] Transvaginal Adrenalectomy 1 [18] Transvaginal and transgastric Cholecystectomy 1 [19] Transvaginal and transgastric Gastric bypass Roux-en-Y 1 [20] Transvaginal hybrid Gastric bypass Roux-en-Y 5 ? 2 b [21] Transvaginal hybrid Access to the abdominal cavity 2 [22] Transvesical Peritoneoscopy 2 [23] Transvesical Prostatectomy 4 [24] Surg Endosc…”

Transrectal robotic natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) applied to intestinal anastomosis in a porcine intestine model

“…Clinically, NOTES has been used for appendectomy, cholecystectomy, partial gastrectomy, and hybrid NOTES colectomy [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Experimental gastrointestinal tract surgery on swine and cadavers has also been performed [9].…”