Evaluation of a Hand-Held Meter to Detect Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new cowside test in detecting sub-clinical ketosis (SCK) by comparing β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations obtained using a new hand-held meter, TNN (Yicheng Co., Beijing, China), with those obtained from the conventional laboratory method and to compare the accuracy of using blood, urine and milk samples for diagnostic purposes. TNN is based on an enzymatic electrochemical technique to detect SCK in dairy cows. 297 samples of blood, 97 samples of urine and 85 samples of milk from clinically healthy Holstein cows from d 1 to 58 post-partum were analyzed. The correlation coefficients for BHBA with TNN versus laboratory method were 0.98. Based on Bland-Altman plot, agreement between the two methods was good for BHBA. In this study, the TNN test had sensitivities of 91.4 and 96.8% at 1.2 and 1.4 mmol of BHBA/L, respectively of whole blood. While the specificities were 97.3% and 98.5%, at 1.2 and 1.4 mmol of BHBA/L, respectively. When compared with TNNthe sensitivities and specificities of urine and milk tests were lower. The sensitivities and specificities were 57 and 80% for milk tests, respectively, and 71% and 94% for urine tests, respectively, when 1.2 mmol/L of blood was defined as the threshold. Raising the threshold of laboratory method to 1.4 mmol/L, the sensitivities and specificities was 75 and 79% for milk tests, and 75 and 93% for urine tests, respectively. We concluded that TNN was a useful tool in diagnosis of SCK and blood tests were better than urine and milk tests.

Milk Yield Prediction and Economic Analysis of Optimized Rearing Environment in a Cold Region Using Neural Network Model

“…The average increase of milk yield at the raised indoor temperature was 0.284 kg day −1• C −1 in this study. Xu et al [17] indicated that milk production of dairy cows at the peak of lactation decreased by 0.365 kg day −1 as the rearing temperature dropped by 1 • C. This is reasonable since the lactation periods were mixed in the experimental group of this study. The milk production response of cows in the early lactation could be less sensitive than the cows in the peak lactation period.…”

“…During this period, the suitability of the ambient environment affects the production level of dairy cows. Xu et al identified the temperature drop period when the average temperature decreased by more than 5 • C within 3 days, which would significantly reduce dry matter intake and milk production of cows in early lactation and peak lactation [17]. Lim et al found that the milk yield was improved by adding LED lights during the photoperiod of 16 h [18].…”

Ketone body levels in wintering great tits Parus major in sites differing in artificial food availability

“…Therefore, portable ketone measuring devices offer an alternative to laboratory tests and allow quick and reliable measurements to be obtained at a relatively low cost and with little blood. The devices have already been used in the case of domestic animals such as sheep or dairy cows ( Hornig et al , 2013 ; Geishauser et al , 2001 ; Iwersen et al ., 2013 ; Xu et al , 2017 ) and have also been used successfully in wild bat species ( Boyles et al , 2016 ). However, portable devices have rarely been used to measure ketones in wild birds and we are only aware of three studies so far ( Azeredo et al , 2016 ; Sommers et al , 2017 ; Lindholm et al , 2019 ).…”

Hipercetonemia: bioquímica de la producción de ácidos grasos volátiles y su metabolismo hepático

“…Esta condición puede afectar negativamente la salud del animal, por la presentación de signos clínicos de cetosis y por la asociación que esta tiene con enfermedades puerperales, como desplazamiento de abomaso, metritis y claudicaciones (Duffield et al 2009). Se ha observado también, que en animales con cetosis subclínica, la producción de leche disminuye significativamente (Xu et al 2017, Antanaitis et al 2018. El β-hidroxibutirato (βHB), uno de los cuerpos cetónicos, se usa para diagnosticar esta condición, por ser el más predominante y estable en la leche, la orina y el suero En condiciones fisiológicas normales, se producen cuerpos cetónicos, que son los que proveen de energía a los tejidos extrahepáticos y su concentración no debe superar 1.2 mmol/Lt, en sangre o 0.15 mmol/ Lt, en leche (Duffield et al 2009;Chandler et al 2017).…”