Evaluation of a Minimally Invasive System for Measuring Glucose Area under the Curve during Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests: Usefulness of Sweat Monitoring for Precise Measurement

Sakaguchi, Kazuhiko; Hirota, Yushi; Hashimoto, Naoko; Ogawa, Wataru; Hamaguchi, Tomoya; Matsuo, Toshihiro; Miyagawa, Jun‐ichiro; Namba, Mitsuyoshi; Sato, Toshiyuki; Okada, Seiki; Tomita, Koji; Matsuhisa, Munehide; Kaneto, Hideaki; Kosugi, Ken’ichirou; Maegawa, Hiroshi; Nakajima, Hitoshi; Kashiwagi, Atsunori

doi:10.1177/193229681300700313

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The detection limit of the glucose sensor is 0.33 × 10 −6 m at a S/N ratio of 3 (Figure S10, Supporting Information). The glucose concentrations in sweat reflect glucose levels of hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and healthy people …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MXene‐Based Wearable Biosensor System for High‐Performance In Vitro Perspiration Analysis

Lei

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Small

343

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Wearable electrochemical biosensors for sweat analysis present a promising means for noninvasive biomarker monitoring. However, sweat‐based sensing still poses several challenges, including easy degradation of enzymes and biomaterials with repeated testing, limited detection range and sensitivity of enzyme‐based biosensors caused by oxygen deficiency in sweat, and poor shelf life of sensors using all‐in‐one working electrodes patterned by traditional techniques (e.g., electrodeposition and screen printing). Herein, a stretchable, wearable, and modular multifunctional biosensor is developed, incorporating a novel MXene/Prussian blue (Ti3C2Tx/PB) composite designed for durable and sensitive detection of biomarkers (e.g., glucose and lactate) in sweat. A unique modular design enables a simple exchange of the specific sensing electrode to target the desired analytes. Furthermore, an implemented solid–liquid–air three‐phase interface design leads to superior sensor performance and stability. Typical electrochemical sensitivities of 35.3 µA mm−1 cm−2 for glucose and 11.4 µA mm−1 cm−2 for lactate are achieved using artificial sweat. During in vitro perspiration monitoring of human subjects, the physiochemistry signals (glucose and lactate level) can be measured simultaneously with high sensitivity and good repeatability. This approach represents an important step toward the realization of ultrasensitive enzymatic wearable biosensors for personalized health monitoring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MXene‐Based Wearable Biosensor System for High‐Performance In Vitro Perspiration Analysis

Lei

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Small

343

218

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“…For instance, human perspiration offers valuable information about health status depending on the levels of several analytes, like lactate, ammonium, and glucose (Labroo and Cui, 2013; Mitsubayashi et al, 1994). Interestingly, glucose monitoring provides a correlation between glucose levels in blood and perspiration for diabetic patients, with concentration ranging between 10 μM and 0.7 mM, the common perspiration glucose concentrations of hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic patients as well as healthy people (Moyer et al, 2012; Lee et al, 2016; Sakaguchi et al, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stretchable and screen-printed electrochemical sensor for glucose determination in human perspiration

Abellán-Llobregat

Jeerapan

Bandodkar

et al. 2017

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

295

155

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Here we present two types of all-printable, highly stretchable, and inexpensive devices based on platinum (Pt)-decorated graphite for glucose determination in physiological fluids. Said devices are: a non-enzymatic sensor and an enzymatic biosensor, the latter showing promising results. Glucose has been quantified by measuring hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction by chronoamperometry at -0.35 V (vs pseudo-Ag/AgCl) using glucose-oxidase immobilized on Pt-decorated graphite. The sensor performs well for the quantification of glucose in phosphate buffer solution (0.25 M PBS, pH 7.0), with a working range between 33 μM and 0.9 mM, high sensitivity and selectivity, and a low limit of detection (LOD). Thus it provides an alternative non-invasive and on-body quantification of glucose levels in human perspiration. This biosensor has been successfully applied on real human perspiration samples and results also show a significant correlation between glucose concentration in perspiration and glucose concentration in blood measured by a commercial glucose meter.

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“…Possibilities range from concentrations of metabolites such as glucose 11, 20–22 , lactate 23 , and alcohol 24 to electrolytes such as sodium 25, 26 , chloride 27 , calcium 28 , to various heavy metal ions 29 . Glucose in sweat is proportional to the blood glucose level and therefore serves as a biomarker for diabetes patients 30, 31 ; lactate is related to sweat generation rate 32–34 ; chloride concentration is a diagnostic for cystic fibrosis 35 and it provides important insights into overall electrolyte balance; heavy metal ions can yield an early indication of exposure to toxic metals. Although significant research activity focuses on measurement of these and other chemical species, the physical characteristics associated with the underlying processes of sweating have not been studied due to lack of suitable metrology methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, skin-mounted microfluidic systems for measuring secretory fluidic pressures generated at the surface of the skin by eccrine sweat glands

et al. 2017

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During periods of activity, sweat glands produce pressures associated with osmotic effects to drive liquid to the surface of the skin. The magnitudes of these pressures may provide insights into physiological health, the intensity of physical exertion, psychological stress factors and/other information of interest, yet they are currently unknown due to absence of means for non-invasive measurement. This paper introduces a thin, soft wearable microfluidic system that mounts onto the surface of the skin to enable precise and routine measurements of secretory fluidic pressures generated at the surface of the skin by eccrine sweat glands (surface SPSG, or s-SPSG) at nearly any location on the body. These platforms incorporate an arrayed collection of unit cells each of which includes an opening to the skin, an inlet through which sweat can flow, a capillary bursting valve (CBV) with a unique bursting pressure (BP), a corresponding microreservoir to receive sweat and an outlet to the surrounding ambient to allow release of backpressure. The BPs systematically span the physiologically relevant range. The set of unit cells is designed such that the BP difference between any two unit cells is greater than the combined uncertainty. Human studies demonstrate measurements of s-SPSG under different conditions, from various regions of the body. Average values in healthy young adults lie between 2.4 and 2.9 kPa. Sweat associated with vigorous exercise have s-SPSGs that are somewhat higher than those associated with sedentary activity. For all conditions, the forearm and lower back tend to yield the highest and lowest s-SPSGs, respectively.

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Evaluation of a Minimally Invasive System for Measuring Glucose Area under the Curve during Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests: Usefulness of Sweat Monitoring for Precise Measurement

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

A MXene‐Based Wearable Biosensor System for High‐Performance In Vitro Perspiration Analysis

A MXene‐Based Wearable Biosensor System for High‐Performance In Vitro Perspiration Analysis

A stretchable and screen-printed electrochemical sensor for glucose determination in human perspiration

Soft, skin-mounted microfluidic systems for measuring secretory fluidic pressures generated at the surface of the skin by eccrine sweat glands

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