Evaluation of a novel pentaplex microsatellite marker system for paternity studies in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Wesmajervi, Mette Serine; Westgaard, Jon‐Ivar; Delghandi, Madjid

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01549.x

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A combined exclusion power of above 80% is considered to be particularly sufficient for parentage assignment studies (Chen, Cho & McCouch ; Herlin, Taggart, McAndrew & Penman ; Harrison, Feldheim, Jones, Ma, Mansour, Perumal, Williamson & Berumen ; Yilmaz ). The importance of experimental evolution of microsatellite markers and estimation of their performance is prerequisite for parentage assignment in aquaculture (Delghandi, Mortensen & Westgaard ; Wesmajervi, Westgaard & Delghandi ). In this study, considerably high number of offspring (83%) could be allocated to a single female parent, with only four being assigned to two or more potential female parents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parentage analysis of tropical spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) by microsatellite markers

et al. 2017

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have contributed equally to the work. AbstractParentage analysis is of vital importance for hatchery production and breeding programmes. Two multiplex PCR protocols including seven tropical spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) microsatellites (Pho-G06, Pho-G25, Pho-G53, Pho-G62, Pho-G74, Pho-G89 and Pho-G100) were introduced for parentage assignment. All loci were polymorphic with allele sizes from 113 to 337 base pairs (bp), observed alleles (k) from two to seven and polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.25 to 0.73. Twenty-four stage-3 phyllosoma larvae (39 days posthatching) were collected for paternity exclusion study using selected microsatellites. Exclusion-based parentage analysis unambiguously assigned 83% of fry (20 of 24) to a single female parent. Of ten putative female parents, five have contributed to the 20 allocated offspring, with one being true parent of 11. Four others were assigned to two or more potential female parents, probably due to genotyping error or the presence of null allele. The exclusion power (EP) for the seven loci varied between 13% and 54% with known genotypes of one parent (P1) and 19% and 71% for given the genotypes of both parents (P2). The theoretical combined parentage exclusion (cEP) power for all seven microsatellites was P1 = 95% and P2 = 99%. The power of discrimination for each locus varied between 0.18 and 0.86. This report presents the first study to utilize microsatellite markers for successful parentage assignment of P. homarus. The selected microsatellites provide a practical tool for parentage analysis in hatchery production of juveniles as well as in future commercial breeding programme of tropical spiny lobsters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parentage analysis of tropical spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) by microsatellite markers

et al. 2017

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“…Multiplex 2 comprised three dinucleotide repeat loci (Gmo132, Gmo2, Tch13) and one tetranucleotide repeat locus (Gmo34; Brooker, 1994;Miller et al, 1988;O'Reilly et al, 2002). Both multiplexes were chosen based on the high levels of heterozygosity at each locus, genotyping reliability, and demonstrated efficiency for paternity studies in Atlantic cod (Dahle, Jørstad, Rusaas, & Otterå, 2006;Wesmajervi, Westgaard, & Delghandi, 2006). Loci were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, as specified by Wesmajervi et al (2006) and Dahle et al (2006), and then analyzed using the capillary gel electrophoreses instrument 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems).…”

Section: Genetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both multiplexes were chosen based on the high levels of heterozygosity at each locus, genotyping reliability, and demonstrated efficiency for paternity studies in Atlantic cod (Dahle, Jørstad, Rusaas, & Otterå, 2006;Wesmajervi, Westgaard, & Delghandi, 2006). Loci were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, as specified by Wesmajervi et al (2006) and Dahle et al (2006), and then analyzed using the capillary gel electrophoreses instrument 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Allelic sizes were calculated with instrument-specific software and the pro- Family reconstruction of the allelic data from both offspring and parents was performed with the programme COLONY v2.0.6.1 (Jones & Wang, 2010).…”

Section: Genetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine‐scale population differences in Atlantic cod reproductive success: A potential mechanism for ecological speciation in a marine fish

Roney

Oomen

Knutsen

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Successful resource‐management and conservation outcomes ideally depend on matching the spatial scales of population demography, local adaptation, and threat mitigation. For marine fish with high dispersal capabilities, this remains a fundamental challenge. Based on daily parentage assignments of more than 4,000 offspring, we document fine‐scaled temporal differences in individual reproductive success for two spatially adjacent (<10 km) populations of a broadcast‐spawning marine fish. Distinguished by differences in genetics and life history, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from inner‐ and outer‐fjord populations were allowed to compete for mating and reproductive opportunities. After accounting for phenotypic variability in several traits, reproductive success of outer‐fjord cod was significantly lower than that of inner‐fjord cod. This finding, given that genomically different cod ecotypes inhabit inner‐ and outer‐fjord waters, raises the intriguing hypothesis that the populations might be diverging because of ecological speciation. Individual reproductive success, skewed within both sexes (more so among males), was positively affected by body size, which also influenced the timing of reproduction, larger individuals spawning later among females but earlier among males. Our work suggests that spatial mismatches between management and biological units exist in marine fishes and that studies of reproductive interactions between putative populations or ecotypes can provide an informative basis on which determination of the scale of local adaptation can be ascertained.

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“…A pre-existing protocol (Wesmajervi et al 2006) was used as a guide, with slight alterations. Four microsatellites were used (Gmo8, Gmo19, Gmo35, and Gmo37) instead of the 5 in Wesmajervi et al (2006) (Tch11 did not work in any of our attempts, and so was removed from the multiplex).…”

Section: Multiplex Design and Dna Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four microsatellites were used (Gmo8, Gmo19, Gmo35, and Gmo37) instead of the 5 in Wesmajervi et al (2006) (Tch11 did not work in any of our attempts, and so was removed from the multiplex). Given that each embryo from any tank could only have 1 female and 1 of 2 possible fathers, the microsatellites used provided a power of exclusion of 100% in a population of 2 males.…”

Section: Multiplex Design and Dna Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using purposeful inbreeding to reduce outbreeding depression caused by escaped farmed Atlantic cod

Puckrin¹,

Purchase²,

Trippel³

2013

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Fish often escape from aquaculture operations, raising concerns of interactions with wild individuals. Farmed fish from genetically diverse populations grown outside their native range create the threat of outbreeding depression if they escape and interbreed with wild fish. Atlantic cod Gadus morhua spawn within cages, releasing millions of embryos into the environment, some of which may live to reproduce. Due to selective breeding, fewer breeding individuals are used in culture relative to wild populations, potentially leading to inbreeding within single cages. If inbreeding reduces survival, this could reduce the likelihood of outbreeding depression if maturing escaped cod mate with wild cod. Forced inbreeding could be used to mitigate some effects of aquaculture on the environment. We aimed to determine if cod inbreed and, if so, what short-term effects inbreeding has on offspring. Spawned embryos from tanks of sister− brother− unrelated male trios underwent microsatellite analysis to determine parentage. Inbreeding occurred, and females did not prefer one type of male over the other. Percent hatch, deformities, larval size, and mortality were monitored in artificially fertilized inbred and unrelated crosses. Percent hatch was higher in non-inbred offspring, but inbreeding had no significant effect on the other factors.

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Evaluation of a novel pentaplex microsatellite marker system for paternity studies in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Parentage analysis of tropical spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) by microsatellite markers

Parentage analysis of tropical spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) by microsatellite markers

Fine‐scale population differences in Atlantic cod reproductive success: A potential mechanism for ecological speciation in a marine fish

Using purposeful inbreeding to reduce outbreeding depression caused by escaped farmed Atlantic cod

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