Evaluation of a topical gel containing a novel combination of essential oils and antioxidants for reducing oral malodor in dogs

Low, Samuel B.; Peak, R. Michael; Smithson, Christopher W.; Perrone, J. R.; Gaddis, Bert; Kontogiorgos, Elias

doi:10.2460/ajvr.75.7.653

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The major focus of malodour in the veterinary literature is on halitosis and flatulence. Therapeutic attempts to control these types of malodour include the successful administration of a topical gel containing a novel combination of essential oils and antioxidants, dental treats, and a combination of charcoal, yucca and zinc acetate . In both halitosis and flatulence, sulfur‐containing compounds are thought to be the causative agents and are presumably produced by bacteria, similar to what was shown with human axillary malodour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Novel association of Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas with malodour in bloodhound dogs, and the effects of a topical product composed of essential oils and plant‐derived essential fatty acids in a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled study

Meason-Smith

Older

Ocana

et al. 2018

Veterinary Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The pathogenesis and treatment of cutaneous malodour in dogs have not been investigated previously. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium spp. are associated with human axillary malodour. Hypothesis Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium spp. are associated with cutaneous malodour in dogs, and treatment with a topical essential oil‐based product will improve malodour and reduce the abundance of odour‐causing bacteria. Animals Twenty seven bloodhound dogs from a south Texas boarding facility were enrolled in this study. Methods and materials Skin swabs were taken from the axilla and dorsum of 27 dogs at initiation of the study. Mean malodour scores were used to assign dogs to control or malodour groups. The malodourous dogs were randomly assigned to a treatment or placebo group, received four weekly topical applications of the spot‐on or placebo, and samples were recollected. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed on all swabs. Results Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas spp. were significantly more abundant (P < 0.001, P = 0.006; respectively), and overall bacterial diversity was reduced (P = 0.0384) on the skin of malodourous dogs. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium spp. were not associated with malodour. The topical essential oil‐based product significantly (P = 0.0078) improved malodour in the treatment group and shifted their bacterial community structure. Conclusions and clinical importance A novel association of bacterial genera with malodour in bloodhound dogs, identified by NGS, highlights future targets for odour control. The topical treatment significantly reduced malodour. The interaction between the topical treatment and cutaneous microbiota should be further investigated and may be useful in other dermatological conditions involving microbiota.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Novel association of Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas with malodour in bloodhound dogs, and the effects of a topical product composed of essential oils and plant‐derived essential fatty acids in a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled study

Meason-Smith

Older

Ocana

et al. 2018

Veterinary Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, supplements containing EOs were shown to have a positive effect on atopic dermatitis [21,22], chronic dermatitis [23], pyoderma [24], nasal hyperkeratosis [25], and malodour in dogs [26]. EOs can also be used as ingredients in mouth rinses for their antimicrobial properties [27,28] or in the treatment of abscesses [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal in vitro Activity of Essential Oils against Clinical Isolates of <b><i>Malassezia pachydermatis</i></b> from Canine Ears: A Report from a Practice Laboratory

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is a commensal but also the most isolated pathogenic yeast in canine otitis externa. Essential oils (EOs) exhibit antimicrobial activity and thus could be an alternative for treatment of otitis. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro efficacy of EOs against M. pachydermatis isolates from canine ears. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two EOs were tested for their in vitro activity against 15 M. pachydermatis isolates by agar disc diffusion. In addition, diluted EOs were tested and volatile antifungal activity was analysed by vapour assay. Results: Most EOs showed in vitro efficacy against M. pachydermatis. A different susceptibility pattern of tested isolates was found. Overall, the most potential EO was lemon grass. Also, cinnamon leaf, clove, manuka, Indian melissa, oregano, palmarosa, and winter savory oil exhibited a strong antifungal activity. Volatile activity was proven by the inhibiting effect in vapour assay. Conclusion: EOs show in vitro activity against M. pachydermatis. This study gives scientific background for the use of EOs in veterinary medicine. Diverse susceptibility patterns of different M. pachydermatis strains emphasise the helpfulness of an aromatogram as one lead for the best choice of an EO for therapy. Antimykotische In-vitro-Wirksamkeit ätherischerÖle gegen Malassezia pachydermatis isoliert aus Hundeohren: Ein Bericht aus dem Routinelabor Schlüsselwörter Ätherische Öle · Malassezia pachydermatis · Otitis externa · Veterinärmedizin Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Der Hefepilz Malassezia pachydermatis gilt als Kommensale, ist aber gleichzeitig auch der am häufigsten isolierte Hefepilz bei caniner Otitis externa. Ätherische Öle könnten aufgrund ihrer antimikrobiellen Eigenschaften als alternative Therapie der Otitis verwendet werden. Zielsetzung: Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung der antifungalen In-vitro-Wirksamkeit ätherischer Öle gegen M. pachydermatis-Isolate aus Hundeohren. Material und Methoden: Die In-vitro-Aktivität von 22 ätherischen Ölen wurde mittels Agar-Plättchen-Diffusionstest gegen 15 M. pachydermatis-Isolate untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Verdünnungen der ätherischen Öle getestet und die volatile Wirkung mittels "vapour assay" analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die meisten ätherischen Öle zeigten in vitro eine Wirksamkeit gegen M. pachydermatis. Es konnte eine unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeit einzelner M. pachydermatis-Isolate gefunden werden. Lemongrasöl erwies sich als das po-tenteste ätherische Öl. Ebenfalls zeigten Zimtblätter-, Nelken-, Manuka-, indisches Melissen-, Oregano-, Palmarosa-und Bergbohnenkrautöl eine starke antifungale Wirksamkeit. Die volatile Wirkung konnte mittels "vapour assay" gezeigt werden. Schlussfolgerung: In vitro zeigen ätherische Öle eine Wirksamkeit gegen den Hefepilz M. pachydermatis. Diese Studie bietet eine wissenschaftliche Basis zur Anwendung ätherischer Öle in der Veterinärmedizin. Die unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeit der verschiedenen M. pachydermatis-Isolate gegenüber einzelner äther...

show abstract

“…Menthol is either made synthetically or obtained from mint. Menthol is used in confections, chewing gum, and oral-care products, such as toothpaste and mouth rinse, to reduce bacterial growth [ 18 ] and oral malodor [ 19 ]. These four phenolic EO compounds are valuable for application as food additives or oral health care products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Liquid and Vapor Phase Phenolic Essential Oil Compounds against Oral Microorganisms

Wang

Hsia

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activities of the phenolic essential oil (EO) compounds hinokitiol, carvacrol, thymol, and menthol against oral pathogens. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Escherichia. coli were used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), bacterial growth curves, temperature and pH stabilities, and synergistic effects of the liquid and vapor EO compounds were tested. The MIC/MBC of the EO compounds, ranging from the strongest to weakest, were hinokitiol (40–60 μg/mL/40-100 μg/mL), thymol (100–200 μg/mL/200-400 μg/mL), carvacrol (200–400 μg/mL/200-600 μg/mL), and menthol (500-more than 2500 μg/mL/1000-more than 2500 μg/mL). The antibacterial activities of the four EO phenolic compound based on the agar diffusion test and bacterial growth curves showed that the four EO phenolic compounds were stable under different temperatures for 24 h, but the thymol activity decreased when the temperature was higher than 80°C. The combination of liquid carvacrol with thymol did not show any synergistic effects. The activities of the vaporous carvacrol and thymol were inhibited by the presence of water. Continual violent shaking during culture enhanced the activity of menthol. Both liquid and vaporous hinokitiol were stable at different temperatures and pH conditions. The combination of vaporous hinokitiol with zinc oxide did not show synergistic effects. These results showed that the liquid and vapor phases of hinokitiol have strong anti-oral bacteria abilities. Hinokitiol has the potential to be applied in oral health care products, dental materials, and infection controls to exert antimicrobial activity.

show abstract

Evaluation of a topical gel containing a novel combination of essential oils and antioxidants for reducing oral malodor in dogs

Abstract: An oral topically applied gel with essential oils and polyphenolic antioxidants applied daily after an initial professional dental cleaning decreased oral malodor in dogs.

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Novel association of Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas with malodour in bloodhound dogs, and the effects of a topical product composed of essential oils and plant‐derived essential fatty acids in a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled study

Novel association of Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas with malodour in bloodhound dogs, and the effects of a topical product composed of essential oils and plant‐derived essential fatty acids in a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled study

Antifungal in vitro Activity of Essential Oils against Clinical Isolates of <b><i>Malassezia pachydermatis</i></b> from Canine Ears: A Report from a Practice Laboratory

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Liquid and Vapor Phase Phenolic Essential Oil Compounds against Oral Microorganisms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About