Evaluation of agro-industrial wastes, their state, and mixing ratio for maximum polygalacturonase and biomass production in submerged fermentation

Abstract

The potential of important agro-industrial wastes, apple pomace (AP) and orange peel (OP) as C sources, was investigated in the maximization of polygalacturonase (PG), an industrially significant enzyme, using an industrially important microorganism Aspergillus sojae. Factors such as various hydrolysis forms of the C sources (hydrolysed-AP, non-hydrolysed-AP, hydrolysed-AP + OP, non-hydrolysed-AP + OP) and N sources (ammonium sulphate and urea), and incubation time (4, 6, and 8 days) were screened. It was observed that maximum PG activity was achieved at a combination of non-hydrolysed-AP + OP and ammonium sulphate with eight days of incubation. For the pre-optimization study, ammonium sulphate concentration and the mixing ratios of AP + OP at different total C concentrations (9, 15, 21 g l −1 ) were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the maximum PG production (144.96 U ml −1 ) was found as 21 g l −1 total carbohydrate concentration totally coming from OP at 15 g l −1 ammonium sulphate concentration. On the other hand, 3:1 mixing ratio of OP + AP at 11.50 g l −1 ammonium sulphate concentration also resulted in a considerable PG activity (115.73 U ml −1 ). These results demonstrated that AP can be evaluated as an additional C source to OP for PG production, which in turn both can be alternative solutions for the elimination of the waste accumulation in the food industry with economical returns.

Volatile metabolites produced from agro-industrial wastes by Na-alginate entrapped Kluyveromyces marxianus

“…Göğüş et al . 4 reported that apple pomace and orange peel may be used as culture media for the production of a polygalacturonase enzyme that serves as a pectolytic enzyme in the industrial production of wine and fruit juices.…”

Use of Agro-Industrial Wastes for the Production of a Wild Yeast Enzyme with Disintegration Activity on Plant Tissues

“…All residues were dried overnight at 45 °C in hot air drying oven (0.4 ms-1), milled (propeller mill Arcano, 24000 rpm, 460W), passed through 35 mesh sieve to have uniform size particles of the material, and kept in air tight plastic containers for further analysis [28,29].…”