Evaluation of Agronomic Performance of Amaranthus (Amaranthus cruentus cv. BRS Alegria) in Times and Seed Densities

Abstract

The genus Amaranthus comprises several species of the Amaranthaceae family whose leaves and seeds are regularly consumed as food by populations in several countries, among which Brazil is not yet included. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive potential of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus cv. BRS Alegria) as a function of different seasons and sowing densities in succession to the soybean crop in the region of Lucas do Rio Verde, MT. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with four replications, in a 5x4 factorial scheme. The first factor refers to the five sowing seasons (16/02/2013; 26/02/2013; 05/03/2013; 20/03/2013 and 05/04/2013) and the second factor the four sowing densities (11.4, 20.0, 28.5 and 37.1 ppt m-2). The evaluated characteristics were: plant height (AP, in meters); stem diameter (DC, in millimeters); panicle length (CP, in millimeters); dry panicle mass (MSP, in g); dry mass of stalk (MSC, in g); sheet dry mass (MSF, in g); total dry mass (MST, in g); final population of plants (POP, in plants ha-1); productivity (PROD, in kg ha-1). The experimental data were submitted to analysis of variance and when means were significant the Tukey test to was utilized to compare the means. There was significant difference (p>0.05) in sowing density between the seasons, thus validating the variation of the desired sowing density between the seasons. The obtained real population and the different seasons of sowing were adopted as sources of variation of the other evaluated attributes. The later sows determined a longer time interval between sowing and panicle emission, as well as harvesting. The cumulative precipitation until the panicle and harvesting emission showed a great reduction as a function of the planting times. It is concluded that the productivity of the Amaranth crop is influenced directly by the number of plants per square meter and by the sowing season in succession the soybean crop.

Amaranth yield depending on the sowing rate

“…Panicle length also increased under variants with lower sowing rates, with the shortest length of 50 cm observed in the variant with the highest sowing rate of 1.2 million germinating seeds. Comparable findings were reported by Pittelkow et al (2019) in their studies conducted in Brazil, where an increase in plant density from 30 to 62.5/m 2 resulted in reduced panicle weight.…”

“…Analysing the research data shows that plant density is an important integral indicator for determining the optimal sowing rate of amaranth. Pittelkow et al (2019) observed that the productivity potential of amaranth BRS Alegria was achieved at plant densities of 24.2 and 22.8 plants/m 2 in Lucas do Rio Verde, Montana (Brazil).…”

Agronomic performance of grain amaranth in the semi-arid region as a function of the planting arrangement

“…Concerning the spacing recommendations for the cultivation of this crop in Brazil, for the Cerrado region, Ferreira et al (2014) observed that the dry matter content and the weight of the inflorescence and the grains had better responses when cultivated under high planting densities, while plant height, inflorescence length and width and stem diameter tend to be negatively affected by high density. Pittelkow et al (2019) reported that, for the Brazilian Midwest, the population density with the highest production potential of A. cruentus L. BRS Alegria cultivar is between 228,000 and 242,000 pl ha -1 . Also, for the Brazilian Midwest, Guimarães (2013) reports that the recommended density for cultivars of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Amaranthus cruentus L. is between 300,000 and 400,000 plants ha -1 , ideal both for high yields (above 1 t ha -1 ) and good crop management.…”