Resumo -Para as cultivares de hábito indeterminado, não há relatos do momento mais adequado para realizar a aplicação da dessecação em pré-colheita. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da dessecação realizada em três épocas sobre a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes e características agronômicas da cultivar de hábito indeterminado SYN-9074 RR, cultivada em três áreas simultaneamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo realizada análise conjunta para três áreas distintas. Os tratamentos referem-se a diferentes épocas de aplicação de diquat (0,3 kg ha -1 ), ou seja, em plantas de soja nos estádios de maturação R6.5 (sementes totalmente formadas, vagens 50% amareladas e 50% verdes), R7 (vagens 70% amareladas, com uma vagem totalmente madura na haste principal), R7.5 (vagens 90% amareladas) e testemunha sem aplicação. Realizaram-se testes de germinação, massa seca da parte aérea e radícula, comprimento da parte aérea e radícula, sanidade e massa de 1000 sementes e produtividade de grãos. O estádio mais adequado para realizar a dessecação em pré-colheita da cultivar de soja de hábito indeterminado SYN-9074 RR foi com plantas apresentando 90% de amarelecimento das vagens, ou estádio de maturação R7.5, o qual proporcionou maior produtividade e o menor índice de incidência de fungos Phoma sp., Colletotrichum dematium var. truncata e Fusarium sp.

Amaranth is a broad leaf pseudocereal native to South and Central America and can be used as a source of high protein grain, as a leafy vegetable and has the potential to grow as fodder. The objective of this work was to evaluate some characteristics of amaranth agronomic interest (Amaranthus spp), as the best way of propagation of the crop, whether by planting of seedlings or direct seeding, and also to determine the most suitable depth of sowing of amaranth. Three treatments were established to conduct the first experiment, seedling versus no-tillage using the BRS-Alegria variety: the first (T1) was the planting of seedlings with 15 days old, previously produced in a greenhouse, on the day of establishment of the experiment in the beds; the second (T2) was the direct sowing in the soil on the day of establishment of the experiment in the beds; and the third (T3) was the transplanting of surplus seedlings from the first treatment, after two weeks of establishment of the experiment in the beds. The T1 treatment was the one that presented the best performance in the attributes of lap diameter and dry mass of plants, being not different, only, at plant height, in relation to T2 treatment. The treatments T2 and T3 presented the same performance for all attributes studied. The second experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the best sowing depth for the Amaranthus varieties: BRS-Alegria, Diócus, Princes, Verde (Amaranthus cruentus) and Inca (Amaranthus caudatus), under zero millimeters soil), five millimeters, and ten millimeters deep. The BRS - Alegria, Verde and Diócus varieties showed the best results when tested at 0, 5 and 10mm depth, with the average of plants emerged at 15 days after sowing, of 71.4; 65.9 and 61.0 respectively. The worst results were found in the Princes and Inca varieties, with average values of emerged plants of 51.3 and 47.2, respectively. As for the seeding depths, the best were 10 and 5 mm, with plants emerged after 15 days, of 86.9 and 77.9, respectively. The worst result was for the 0mm depth with an average of 13.3 emerged plants.

root-knots. The life cycle comprises the eggs, four juvenile stages and adult male or female. Eggs are enclosed in gelatinous egg sacs that are usually deposited on the surface of galled roots. The first moult occurs within the egg giving rise to the second-stage juvenile (J2), which is the infective stage. Three other moults occur within the roots allowing the nematode to go through the stages J3, J4, and adults (Karssen and Moens, 2006). The species M. enterolobii was detected for the first time in Brazil in the states of Pernambuco and Bahia, causing severe damages in guava orchards (Carneiro and Almeida, 2001). In vegetables, it was detected for the first time in the state of São Paulo, parasitizing green pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar Silver and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars ' Andrea' and 'Debora', all known to be resistant to M. incognita and M. javanica (Carneiro et al., 2006). This ability of M. enterolobii to parasite plants resistant to other species of Meloidogyne makes it a difficult-to-control nematode (Bitencourt and Silva, 2010). This species presents a wide polyphagia and highly aggressive behavior for most vegetable species in comparison to M. incognita and M. javanica (Pinheiro and Pereira, 2012). Cultivars of tomato and pepper that have resistance to M. incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria carry the Mi gene that gives the plant a hypersensitivity reaction (HR) causing histological changes, such as cell death near the infection site (Dropkin, 1969). This usually occurs 12 hours after attempted infection. However, the resistance conferred by the Mi-1 gene is unstable and can be compromised by soil temperatures above 28°C (Dropkin, 1969). In addition, there are species and races of Meloidogyne that have the ability to break the resistance conferred by the Mi gene, which makes

The genus Amaranthus comprises several species of the Amaranthaceae family whose leaves and seeds are regularly consumed as food by populations in several countries, among which Brazil is not yet included. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive potential of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus cv. BRS Alegria) as a function of different seasons and sowing densities in succession to the soybean crop in the region of Lucas do Rio Verde, MT. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with four replications, in a 5x4 factorial scheme. The first factor refers to the five sowing seasons (16/02/2013; 26/02/2013; 05/03/2013; 20/03/2013 and 05/04/2013) and the second factor the four sowing densities (11.4, 20.0, 28.5 and 37.1 ppt m-2). The evaluated characteristics were: plant height (AP, in meters); stem diameter (DC, in millimeters); panicle length (CP, in millimeters); dry panicle mass (MSP, in g); dry mass of stalk (MSC, in g); sheet dry mass (MSF, in g); total dry mass (MST, in g); final population of plants (POP, in plants ha-1); productivity (PROD, in kg ha-1). The experimental data were submitted to analysis of variance and when means were significant the Tukey test to was utilized to compare the means. There was significant difference (p>0.05) in sowing density between the seasons, thus validating the variation of the desired sowing density between the seasons. The obtained real population and the different seasons of sowing were adopted as sources of variation of the other evaluated attributes. The later sows determined a longer time interval between sowing and panicle emission, as well as harvesting. The cumulative precipitation until the panicle and harvesting emission showed a great reduction as a function of the planting times. It is concluded that the productivity of the Amaranth crop is influenced directly by the number of plants per square meter and by the sowing season in succession the soybean crop.

The depth of seeding and the availability of water influence the seed germination process. Amaranth has small seeds from 1.0 to 1.5 mm and limited nutrient reserves and, after emergence, slow growth. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the emergence and formation of amaranth seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a vegetation house at the Federal University of Mato Grosso - Brazil, between October and November 2018. The factor "A" refers to two seeding depths (10 and 20 mm) and the factor "B" to four of water availability (100%, 80%, 60% and 40% of retention capacity). The emergency, first count and emergency speed index were evaluated. Height, diameter, root length, number of leaves, mass of fresh and dry matter were also evaluated. The emergence of the seedlings, independently of the seeding depth, was greater in water availability of 100 and 80%. There was interaction of factors for the first count and emergency velocity index. The first emergency count was higher in water availability of 100%. At a seeding depth of 10 mm, the first count of emerging seedlings was similar in water availability of 100, 80 and 40%. While, at a depth of 20 mm, the first count was higher at water availability of 60%. The emergency speed index was higher for 100% water availability at 10 mm seeding depth, while at 20 mm depth the water availability had no effect on the emergency speed index. The water availability of 60 and 40% of the retention capacity reduces the height of the plant, the diameter of the stem, the length of the root, the number of leaves, the mass of fresh and dry matter. Increased seeding depth reduces height, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry amaranth matter.