Evaluation of Allelopathic Activity Interactions of Some Medicinal Plants Using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration and Isobologram

Abstract

Allelopathy is a physiological process with an ecological concept and application. Allelopathy is the result of the production of biologically active molecules by growing plants or their remains, which may have a direct effect on the growth and development of individuals of the same species or other species after changing their shape and entering the environment. As regards, the use of natural compounds in the control of weeds and pests is a priority. In this research, the allelopathic activity of 123 specimens of medicinal and aromatic plants were investigated individually by the dish-pack method using lettuce seeds as a model. Then, the strongest inhibitory ones were selected and their allelopathic interaction effects were investigated for the first time by interacting them together. Two methods were used to evaluate allelopathic interaction effects: calculating Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) and drawing Isobologram diagrams. Lettuce hypocotyl length, root length, germination percentage, and germination rate were investigated. Pelargonium graveolens (leaf) had the greatest inhibitory effect on lettuce radicle growth (EC50 = 5.31 mg/well) and Echinophora platyloba (stem) had the greatest effect on hypocotyl growth inhibition (EC50 = 7.91 mg/well). Also, the lowest lettuce germination percentages were observed in the treatments Lavandula officinalis (flower) and Nepeta binaloudensis (leaf), respectively (23.61, 22.85%). The highest inhibitory effect by considering lettuce germination rate was detected in Salvia ceratophylla (leaf), (12.86 seed/day) and the lowest belonged to Nepeta binaloudensis (leaf) and Lavandula officinalis (flower), respectively (3.60, 3.32 seed/day). According to FIC calculations and isobolograms, two types of interaction, including synergist (Nepeta binaloudensis (leaf) with Trachyspermum ammi (fruit) and Nepeta binaloudensis (leaf) with Lavandula officinalis (flower) and antagonist (Pelargonium graveolens (leaf) with Lavandula officinalis (flower)), were observed significantly among the plants tested in this research. These interactions can be used to prepare more effective natural herbicides and decrease the use of herbicides.

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“…Scientists of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Crop Research Center and Mashhad Botanical Garden (S. Sadeqifard et al, 2022) collected different parts of plants -flowers, stems, leaves, roots (123 samples) belonging to 31 families of medicinal plants. The influence of the studied plants on the basal and hypocotyl growth of lettuce seeds, comparison with the control in different plant families was studied separately.…”

Chemical Diversity, Yield, and Quality of Aromatic Plants

“…Ultimately, Origanum EOs can be considered as alternative bioherbicides for the weeds tested in different crops. In the next study [22], the allelopathic activity of 123 MAPs from 31 families was analyzed using the dish-pack method on a lettuce seed model. Their allelopathic interaction effects were examined after selecting the most potent inhibitory compounds.…”

Allelopathic activity of plants Hyssopus officinalis L.

“…Ukrainian Black Sea Region Agrarian Science, 26 (4), [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] According to M. Shinwari et al (2013), 70 species of Japanese plants were examined for allelopathy using the aqueous extraction method. The scientists concluded that before large-scale cultivation of any medicinal plant in an established agricultural field, the plant should be evaluated allelopathically, as chemical exposure from previous plants, residues, related plants and even autotoxicity can adversely affect the cropping system.…”

“…Ukrainian Black Sea Region Agrarian Science, 226 (4), [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Алелопатична активність рослин Hyssopus officinalis L. Анотація. Необхідність у фітомеліорації спонукає на введення у культуру рослин, які не тільки будуть мати декілька напрямків використання отриманої сировини, але й сприяти оздоровленню ґрунтів та бути добрим попередником для подальшого успішного вирощування наступних за ними сільськогосподарських культур.…”

“…Source: author's developmentUkrainian Black Sea Region Agrarian Science, 26(4),[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] …”