“…Therefore, it is urgent and important to¯nd out a simple and e®ective way to remove Cr (VI) from the source water in an acceptable level. Nowadays, various treatment technologies have been applied to Cr (VI) removal including, chemical precipitation, 6 ion exchange, 7 electrochemical removal, 8 adsorption, 9 membrane technology 10 and polymer enhanced ultra¯ltration, 11 etc. Each method, however, has been found to be limited due to its incomplete metal removal, expensive process and high reagent energy requirements.…”