Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Zhang, Qizhong; Xu, De‐Hai; Klesius, Phillip H.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.019

Cited by 65 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nevertheless, according to the results, sprinkling eugenol on the gills does not promote morphological and viability changes in the parasites. The fluorescence technique is widely used to assess sperm viability (Maria et al, 2010;Arruda et al, 2011) and protozoa studies (Davies and Stewart, 2000;Zhang et al, 2013;Song et al, 2015). Methods employing fluorescent dyes extend the possibility of a detailed structural integrity analysis of the observed organisms (Arruda et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthesia by sprinkling method in the gills of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum does not influence intensity and morphology of monogeneans

et al. 2016

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The present study evaluates the influence of anesthesia on the parasitic fauna of monogenea fish parasites, as its intensity and viability. Two experiments were conducted: Evaluation of an anesthetic method by sprinkling eugenol directly on gills and evaluation of monogenea motility and viability; Comparison of immersion and directly sprinkling on the gills with benzocaine and eugenol followed by evaluation on parasite intensity. The results suggest that the anesthetic sprinkling didn't interfere in the parasite motility, morphology and body surface integrity analyzed by fluorescence method. The monogenean intensity in the gills was lower in fish anesthetized by immersion method compared to the sprinkling method and the control group. This method of anesthesia can be used in parasitological studies.Keywords: parasitology, animal welfare, humane slaughter, histopathology. Anestesia por meio de aspersão nas brânquias de tambaquiColossoma maropomum não influencia a intensidade e a morfologia de monogeneas ResumoO presente estudo avalia a influência da anestesia sobre a fauna parasitária de monogeneas em peixes, sua intensidade e sua viabilidade. Dois experimentos foram realizados: Avaliação de um método anestésico por aspersão eugenol diretamente nas brânquias e avaliação da motilidade das monogeneas e sua viabilidade; e Comparação entre imersão e aspersão diretamente nas brânquias com benzocaína e eugenol, seguido de avaliação sobre a intensidade parasitária. Os resultados sugerem que a aspersão do anestésico não interferiu na motilidade, morfologia, superfície corporal e integridade do parasita, analisadas pelo método de fluorescência. A intensidade de monogenéticos nas brânquias foi menor nos peixes anestesiados pelo método de imersão em comparação com o método de aspersão e o grupo controle. O método de anestesia por aspersão nas brânquias pode ser utilizado em estudos parasitológicos.Palavras-chave: parasitologia, bem-estar animal, o abate humanitário, histopatologia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthesia by sprinkling method in the gills of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum does not influence intensity and morphology of monogeneans

et al. 2016

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“…Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was originally isolated from goldfish obtained from the ornamental fish market of Guangzhou and maintained by serial transmission on grass carp as previously described (Fu et al 2014b). Mature tro phonts were collected according to Zhang et al (2013). Isolated trophonts were placed in petri dishes with dechlorinated water and incubated at 23.0 ± 0.3°C for 22 h. After theronts were released, the average number of theronts per 100 µl of water was determined with the aid of a microscope (4×) according to Zhang et al (2013).…”

Section: Fish and Parasitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mature tro phonts were collected according to Zhang et al (2013). Isolated trophonts were placed in petri dishes with dechlorinated water and incubated at 23.0 ± 0.3°C for 22 h. After theronts were released, the average number of theronts per 100 µl of water was determined with the aid of a microscope (4×) according to Zhang et al (2013).…”

Section: Fish and Parasitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malachite green at concentrations of 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.06, 0.03, 0.015, and 0.0075 mg l −1 was used as a positive control. The duration until death of all theronts was monitored continually for 4 h. The numbers of live theronts in each well were counted under a microscope (4×) for 4 h, according to Zhang et al (2013).…”

Section: Preparation Of Cynatratoside-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cynatratoside-C efficacy against theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and toxicity tests on grass carp and mammal blood cells

Fu¹,

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Infection by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliated protozoan parasite, results in high fish mortality and causes severe economic losses in aquaculture. To find new, efficient anti-I. multifiliis agents, cynatratoside-C was isolated from Cynanchum atratum by bioassay-guided fractionation in a previous study. The present study investigated the anti-theront activity, determined the toxicity of cynatratoside-C to grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus and mammalian blood cells, and evaluated the protection of cynatratoside-C against I. multifiliis theront infection in grass carp. Results showed that all theronts were killed by 0.25 mg l −1 of cynatratoside-C in 186.7 ± 5.8 min. Cynatratoside-C at 0.25 mg l −1 was effective in treating infected grass carp and protecting naive fish from I. multifiliis infestation. The 96 h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of cynatratoside-C to grass carp and 4 h median effective concentration (EC 50 ) of cynatratoside-C to theront were 46.8 and 0.088 mg l −1 , respectively. In addition, the hemolysis assay demonstrated that cynatratoside-C had no cytotoxicity to rabbit red blood cells. Therefore, cynatratoside-C could be a safe and effective potential parasiticide for controlling I. multifiliis.

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“…In-vivo efficacy of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin from C. speciosus in the protection of goldfish against Ich An experiment was adapted from the method of Zhang (2013) to determinate effective concentration of the 2 active compounds used to protect goldfish against Ich. Tests were conducted in 50-L glass tanks, each containing 35 L of the test solution.…”

Section: Antiparasitic Activities Of Gracillin and Zingibernsis Newsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiparasitic efficacy of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin from Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz) Sm. against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

et al. 2014

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The present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of active components from Costus speciosus against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to identify active compounds from C. speciosus yielding 2 bioactive compounds: Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin. In-vitro assays revealed that Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin could be 100% effective against I. multifiliis at concentrations of 0.8 and 4.5 mg L(-1), with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.53 and 3.2 mg L(-1), respectively. All protomonts and encysted tomonts were killed when the concentrations of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin were 1.0 and 5.0 mg L(-1). In-vivo experiments demonstrated that fish treated with Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin at concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 mg L(-1) carried significantly fewer parasites than the control (P<0.05). Mortality of fish did not occur in the treatment group (Zingibernsis newsaponin at 5.0 mg L(-1)) during the trial, although 100% of untreated fish died. Acute toxicities (LD50) of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin for grass carp were 1.64 and 20.7 mg L(-1), respectively. These results provided evidence that the 2 compounds can be selected as lead compounds for the development of new drugs against I. multifiliis.

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Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Cited by 65 publications

References 33 publications

Anesthesia by sprinkling method in the gills of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum does not influence intensity and morphology of monogeneans

Anesthesia by sprinkling method in the gills of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum does not influence intensity and morphology of monogeneans

Cynatratoside-C efficacy against theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and toxicity tests on grass carp and mammal blood cells

Antiparasitic efficacy of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin from Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz) Sm. against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

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