Evaluation of an induction‐assisted friction stir welding technique for super duplex stainless steels

Álvarez, Ana Iglesias; Garcia, M. Aguan Ell; Peña, G.; Sotelo, Jose; Verdera, D.

doi:10.1002/sia.5442

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Arora et al 31 also proposed that preheating at the plunge stage can overcome a pilot hole’s need at the plunge stage. Alvarez et al 15 found that plunge force was reduced by 30% during induction assisted FSW of super duplex stainless steel. Similarly, Amini and Amiri 32 and Zhong et al 33 also reported that z force is reduced significantly during the UFSW process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The force reduction during the plunge stage is consistent with those reported in previous literature. 15,23 Sinclair et al 30 observed that the z force was less during the thermally-assisted FSW process. They observed that preheating reduced the material flow stress and eased the material transport phenomenon from AS to RS during FSW of steel alloys.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The assisted FSW process’s primary purpose is to soften the workpiece, reduce the welding forces, reduce tool wear, and increase productivity. 1 Álvarez et al 15 reported that force was reduced by 33% and 40% during the plunge and welding stage, respectively, in Laser-assisted FSW (LFSW). LFSW resulted in higher tool life in the joining of high strength marine-grade steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of plasma preheating on weld quality and tool life during friction stir welding of DH36 steel

Tiwari

Pankaj

Suman

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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Friction stir welding (FSW) of high strength materials is challenging due to high tool cost and low tool life. To address this issue, the present investigation deals with an alternative of plasma-assisted friction stir welding (PFSW) of DH36 steel with WC-10%Co tool. Plasma preheating current (13 A, 15 A, and 17 A) was varied by keeping other FSW parameters as constant. During the FSW and PFSW process, force measurement and thermal history aided in a deep understanding of the process, tool degradation mechanisms, accompanied by the mechanical and microstructural characterization of the welded joints. The stir zone hardness was increased from 140 HV0.5 to about 267 HV0.5. The yield and tensile strength of weld increased from 385 MPa and 514 MPa to about 391 MPa and 539 MPa, respectively. Weld joint elongation (%) was increased from ~10% of weld 1 to ~13.89% of weld 4. During PFSW, the process temperature was increased, the cooling rate was lowered, and the weld bead was widened. The results also revealed that the plasma-assisted weld resulted in polygonal ([Formula: see text]) and allotriomorphic ferrite as the major constituents in the stir zone. Pearlite dissolution and spheroidization were observed in the ICHAZ and SCHAZ, respectively. Additionally, the plasma preheating reduced the tungsten tool’s wear by 58% compared to FSW.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of plasma preheating on weld quality and tool life during friction stir welding of DH36 steel

Tiwari

Pankaj

Suman

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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“…Induction assisted FSW (IAFSW) uses electrical inductance to generate heat to soften the workpiece materials. IAFSW has been reported for joining medium strength Aluminium alloy [18] and high strength steel [19,20]. Both researchers in [18 and 19] reported that the downward force was reduced, but mechanical properties in the joints still maintained.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Copper Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy On Downward Force, Microstructure, And Mechanical Properties

Bhukya

Maniscalco

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this research, Copper (Cu) donor material assisted friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 alloy was studied. Cu assisted FSW joints of AA6061-T6 alloy were prepared at a constant tool rotational rate of 1400 rpm and various welding speeds at 1 mm/s and 3 mm/s. The Cu donor material of different thickness (i.e., 20%, 40%, and 60%) with respect to the workpiece thickness was selected to assist the FSW joining at the plunge stage. It is observed that the downward force generated in the FSW process was gradually decreased after introducing Cu donor material with incremental thicknesses with respect to workpiece at the plunge stage. Post-weld analysis was characterized in terms of microstructure, and mechanical properties. The results of microstructure analysis at the stir zone (SZ) show the formation of finer grains due to dynamic recrystallization and plastic deformation. Micro-hardness tests reveal that the hardness decreased from the base metal (BM) to the SZ across the heat affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The lowest value of hardness appeared in the TMAZ and HAZ where tensile failure occurs. With increasing welding speed, the average hardness in the SZ decreased due to lower heat input and faster cooling rate. Tensile test plots show no significant change in ultimate tensile strength with or without Cu donor material. Fractography of tensile tested samples shows both ductile and brittle like structure for given welding parameters. This proposed work of FSW with Cu donor material is promising to increase tool life due to the decrement of the downforce during plunge and throughout the welding stage. Meanwhile, the inclusion of donor material did not compromise the weld quality in terms of the mechanical properties and micro-hardness.

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“…By intuition, any auxiliary heating in addition to friction heating at workpiece and pin interface could improve FSW weldability, as discussed in some recent publications. [23][24][25] The present shear localization model can be used to quantitatively assess how such an auxiliary heating method would improve a material's FSW weldability in terms of shear localization parameters such as SB width, SB formation time and the resulting welding speed. The following section considers two auxiliary heating methods: one is by means of an auxiliary heat flux input at workpiece and pin interface; the other is through a pre-heating process so that a target temperature level can be achieved in weld area before FSW takes place.…”

Section: Auxiliary Heating Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of banded structure in friction stir weld in strain rate–hardening materials of Zener–Hollomon type

Pei

2015

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

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This article presents a shear localization model for simulating the shear band formation process uniquely associated with friction stir welding. By introducing a thermal and plastic deformation boundary layer definition, the shear band formation process can be modeled as shear localization phenomena using one-dimensional coupled elastic visco-plastic model. Material constitutive behavior is assumed to follow Zener–Hollomon constitutive equation. With this model, shear band width, formation time and propagation speed can be theoretically estimated as a measure of friction stir weldability. As such, the shear band propagation speed serves as a theoretical estimate of the maximum possible welding speed under given base material and welding conditions, such as stir pin rotational speed and torque level. The model is shown to provide reasonable estimates of shear localization parameters when compared with recent experimental data on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. With this model, some fundamental questions such as why titanium alloys are more difficult to weld than aluminum alloys or steels can be more quantitatively addressed. And consequently, potential means for mitigating some of the difficulties in friction stir welding of some of the alloys can be theoretically examined to provide guidance for cost-effective development of welding process parameters for new applications.

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Evaluation of an induction‐assisted friction stir welding technique for super duplex stainless steels

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of plasma preheating on weld quality and tool life during friction stir welding of DH36 steel

Effect of plasma preheating on weld quality and tool life during friction stir welding of DH36 steel

Effect of Copper Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy On Downward Force, Microstructure, And Mechanical Properties

Modeling of banded structure in friction stir weld in strain rate–hardening materials of Zener–Hollomon type

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