Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf extract using in vitro and in vivo inflammation models

Abstract

Background: Justicia secunda Vahl. is a medicinal plant used in ethnomedical practice as therapy to manage inflammation. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of J. secunda leaves (MEJSL) using in vitro and in vivo inflammation models. Methods: Seventy-percent MEJSL was prepared following standard procedure. In vitro anti-inflammatory assays were performed using heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation and erythrocyte membrane stabilization assays. Carrageenan and formaldehyde induced inflammation in rat models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of MEJSL in vivo. Diclofenac sodium was used as a reference drug. In addition, liver and kidney function assays and hematological analysis were carried out. Results: Data revealed that varying concentrations of MEJSL significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited heat-induced BSA denaturation and stabilized erythrocyte membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis when compared with diclofenac sodium in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo study showed that 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) diclofenac sodium, 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w. MEJSL suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema at the sixth hour by 71.14%, 83.08%, and 89.05%, respectively. Furthermore, 10 mg/kg b.w. diclofenac sodium, 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w. MEJSL inhibited formaldehyde-induced paw edema by 72.53%, 74.73%, and 76.48%, respectively. Animals treated with varying doses of MEJSL had reduced plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities; urea and creatinine concentrations; and modulated hematological parameters when compared with the untreated control group. Conclusions: Findings from this study showed that MEJSL exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory actions in the in vitro and in vivo models. It also indicated that MEJSL anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action could be through interference with phase 2 inflammatory stressors, upregulation of cytoprotective genes, stabilization of inflammatory cell membranes and immunomodulatory activity.

RETRACTED: Dobera glabra (Forssk.) Poir. (Salvadoraceae); phenolic constituents of the aqueous leaves extract and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities

“…In the present work, rat paw edema induced by carrageenan is a widely used test for the determination of anti-inflammatory activity of pharmacological substances ( El-Serwy et al., 2013 ; Ammar et al., 2016 ). Intra-planter injection of carrageenan in rats resulted in an increase in rat's paw volume indicating edema in the non-treated group, which is consistent with previous studies ( Ammar et al., 2016 ; Anyasor et al., 2019 ; Santos et al., 2019 ). It has been shown that the injection of carrageenan into the sub-planter surface of rat paw promote a biphasic edema.…”

The evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Parmotrema hypotropa lichen extract

“…In the second part of this work, the antiinflammatory effect of the extract was assessed by the test of protein denaturation using BSA. The protein denaturation process is one of the multiple causes inducing an inflammatory response through the degeneration, the loss of tissue functionality, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators [42]. The test is based on measurement of the capacity of the extract to prevent the loss of protein structure induced by the heat.…”

Suppression of inflammatory mediators by aqueous leaf extract of Crotalaria verrucosa: in vivo and in vitro analysis

“…Pro-inflammatory markers are released by the lysis of lysosomal membranes during chronic inflammation which activates neutrophils, proteases and histamines at local site of tissue damage causing type III hypersensitivity reactions as well as the diseases like serum sickness. 20,21 As conventional NSAID, acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) not only blocked COX enzyme and synthesis of endogenous PGE2 but also found to suppress the process of protein denaturation. 22 However, the leaf extract mimicked the NSAID to a moderate extent showing similar pattern in results.…”