Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Choerospondias axillaris Fruit’s Methanolic Extract in Synoviocytes and CIA Rat Model

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, systemic disease mainly affecting joints. Presently, there is no specific treatment/ drug available for curing RA except few supportive medicines. Therefore, the focus has been shifted to medicinal plants for the treatment of such diseases. Choerospondias axillaris commonly known as Lupsi/Lapsi and has been reported to have several properties for the treatment of various diseases. Objective: The present study has been conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of Choerospondias axillaris fruit extract on Synoviocytes (FLS) and Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) rat model. Methods: Methanolic extract of the Choerospondias axillaris fruit was used for determining phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidant activity of Choerospondias axillaris fruit was determined by free radicals scavenging assays and bioactive compounds were identified via LC-MS/MS analysis. Anti-inflammatory effect was investigated in RA and Osteo Arthritis (OA) primary cells and also in Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA) rat models. Further, the medicinal properties of anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds were supported by docking studies. Results: In-vitro and in-vivo studies showed significant decrease in the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Docking analysis revealed that quercetin inhibits TNF-α having -9.1 kcal/mol binding energy and 10.13 μM inhibitory constant. Quercetin also inhibits IL-6 having -6.6 kcal/mol binding energy and 21.9 μM inhibitory constant. Conclusion: Observed results suggest that the underutilized fruit Choerospondias axillaris can be used to reduce the inflammation of inflammatory diseases like RA.

Antiarthritic effect of chitosan nanoparticle loaded with embelin against adjuvant‐induced arthritis in Wistar rats

“…Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a suitable marker for assessing lipid peroxidation (LPO), and nitric oxide (NO) was measured using the kit supplied by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). The protein content was estimated using standard bovine serum albumin …”

Evaluation of Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Choerospondias axillaris in Rats

“…to possess antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cardiovascular and cytotoxic activities [10][11][12][13]. But the effect of Choerospondias axillaris on hyperlipidemia has not been explored.…”

The complete chloroplast genome of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B. L. Burtt et A. W. Hill, an ancient and versatile plant

“…So that C. axillaris has a growing popularity and important economic effects, it is noted for timber, edible, and medicinal values. Previous researches on C. axillaris have mainly focused on pharmacological action (Sun et al 2015;Mann et al 2020), phytochemical investigation (Li et al 2018), photosynthetic physiology (Li and Xu 2020), and morphological diversity (Wang et al 2019). However, there is no report on the chloroplast (cp) genome of C. axillaris.…”

“… 2015 ; Mann et al. 2020 ), phytochemical investigation (Li et al. 2018 ), photosynthetic physiology (Li and Xu 2020 ), and morphological diversity (Wang et al.…”