Evaluation of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in a Study of Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis

Esteban, Juan Ignacio; González, Antonio; Hernández, José Manuel González; Viladomiu, L; Sánchez, Carmen; López-Talavera, Juan Carlos; Lucea, D; Martín‐Vega, Carmen; Vidal, Xavier; Esteban, Rafael; Guàrdia, J

doi:10.1056/nejm199010183231605

Cited by 367 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This pattern is characteristic of this infection. In patients with a post-transfusional HCV infection, jaundice has been detected in 19%-26% of the patients in the acute phase 10,24 . Besides the few symptoms, donors with chronic hepatitis usually show mild hepatomegaly with a few cases of intense hepatomegaly (7%) or splenomegaly (8%); only 1% show signs of portal hypertension or hepatic insufficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A clinical, epidemological, laboratorial, histological and ultrasonographical evaluation of anti-HCV EIA-2 positive blood donors

Gonçales

Stucchi

Pavan

et al. 2000

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYBetween 1992 and 1997, 790 blood donors with anti-HCV EIA-2 strongly reagent (relationship between the sample optical density/cut-off > 3) detected at the blood bank serological screening, were evaluated in ambulatory environment. They were all negative for Chagas disease, syphilis, hepatitis B (HBsAg) and AIDS. Blood samples were collected at the first ambulatorial evaluation, for hemogram, biochemical tests and new serological tests for HCV (anti-HCV EIA-2). In blood samples of 226 repeatedly reagent anti-HCV EIA-2 blood donors, supplementary "immunoblot" test for HCV (RIBA-2) was used. In 209 donors, the presence of HCV-RNA was investigated by the PCR test. The abdominal ultrasonography was realized in 366 donors. In 269 patients liver biopsy was performed for the histopathological study. The follow-up of blood donors showed that 95.6% were repeatedly EIA-2 reagent, 94% were symptomless and denied any hepatitis history, with only 2% mentioning previous jaundice. In 47% of this population at least one risk factor has been detected for the HCV transmission, the use of intravenous drugs being the main one (27.8%). Blood transfusion was the second factor for HCV transmission (27.2%). Hepatomegaly was detected in 54% of the cases. Splenomegaly and signs of portal hypertension have seldom been found in the physical examination, indicating a low degree of hepatic compromising in HCV. Abdominal ultrasound showed alterations in 65% of the subjects, being the steatosis the most frequent (50%). In 83.5% of the donors submitted to the liver biopsy, the histopathological exam showed the presence of chronic hepatitis, usually classified as active (89%) with mild or moderate grade in most of the cases (99.5%). The histopathological exam of the liver was normal in 1.5% of blood donors. The RIBA-2 test and the HCV-RNA investigation by PCR were positive in respectively 91.6 and 75% of the anti-HCV EIA-2 reagent donors. The HCV-RNA research was positive in 82% of the RIBA-2 positive subjects, in 37.5% of the indeterminate RIBA-2 donors and in 9% of the negative RIBA-2 donors. Chronic hepatitis has also been observed in 50% of the histopathological exams of the anti-HCV EIA-2 reagent donors which were indeterminate RIBA-2. Among 18 blood donors with minimal changes histopathological exam 11 (61%) were HCV-RNA positive. Our blood donors anti-HCV reagent generally had clinical, laboratorial and histopathological features observed in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis and a high proportion could be identified in interviews and medical evaluation realized in blood blanks. Generally, these HCV infected donors are identified and discharged only by the serological tests results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood transfusions, the use of illicit drugs or, more rarely, organ transplants are the most common pathways of HCV transmission 5 . About 18% to 26% of the patients with HCV develop jaundice during the acute phase of the infection 10 . In the remaining cases, the patients show no symptoms 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical, epidemological, laboratorial, histological and ultrasonographical evaluation of anti-HCV EIA-2 positive blood donors

Gonçales

Stucchi

Pavan

et al. 2000

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…TDAV resembles HCV in several elements of its biology, including the ability to engender both acute and chronic infections that can present with symptomatic or asymptomatic infection (30,31). TDAV is a blood-borne virus that showed no evidence of horizontal transmission via normal contact between uninfected and infected horses on Farm A over 1 y.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis

Chandriani

Skewes-Cox

Zhong

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

182

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Theiler's disease is an acute hepatitis in horses that is associated with the administration of equine blood products; its etiologic agent has remained unknown for nearly a century. Here, we used massively parallel sequencing to explore samples from a recent Theiler's disease outbreak. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the short sequence reads identified a 10.5-kb sequence from a previously undescribed virus of the Flaviviridae family, which we designate "Theiler's disease-associated virus" (TDAV). Phylogenetic analysis clusters TDAV with GB viruses of the recently proposed Pegivirus genus, although it shares only 35.3% amino acid identity with its closest relative, GB virus D. An epidemiological survey of additional horses from three separate locations supports an association between TDAV infection and acute serum hepatitis. Experimental inoculation of horses with TDAV-positive plasma provides evidence that several weeks of viremia preceded liver injury and that liver disease may not be directly related to the level of viremia. Like hepatitis C virus, the best characterized Flaviviridae species known to cause hepatitis, we find TDAV is capable of efficient parenteral transmission, engendering acute and chronic infections associated with a diversity of clinical presentations ranging from subclinical infection to clinical hepatitis.epidemiology | veterinary virology | metagenomics | deep sequencing | pathogen discovery

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“…Among all 98 repeatedly ELISA-reactive sera, only patitis and a common infection among groups with fre-8 (1-8%) were anti-HCV positive and 6 (1.4%) were inquent parenteral exposure, such as illicit drug abusers determinate by RIBA-2. All 8 RJBA-positive sera were (ALTER et al, 1989a;ESTEBAN et al, 1990; VAN DEN identified by the second generation ELISA, however, 4 of HOEK et al, 1990). The role of sexual transmission in the the 8 were missed by the first-generation ELISA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in Somalia

Watts¹,

Corwin²,

Omar³

et al. 1994

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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Evaluation of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in a Study of Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis

Cited by 367 publications

References 15 publications

A clinical, epidemological, laboratorial, histological and ultrasonographical evaluation of anti-HCV EIA-2 positive blood donors

A clinical, epidemological, laboratorial, histological and ultrasonographical evaluation of anti-HCV EIA-2 positive blood donors

Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis

Low risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in Somalia

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