Evaluation of baseline cleanliness of food contact surfaces in Basrah Governorate restaurants using ATP-bioluminescence to assess the effectiveness of HACCP application in Iraq

Abstract

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system prevents and manages physical, chemical and biological risks at places where foods and beverages are processed, packaged, distributed and consumed. The present study (1) assessed the level of microbial contamination of food contact surfaces using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bioluminescence in Iraq restaurants; (2) investigated the level of microbial contamination of food contact surfaces; and (3) evaluated the efficiency of sanitizers in removing biological hazards from food contact surfaces. The ATP-bioluminescence discovered the presence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on surfaces and tools. Results also showed that the HACCP application was very effective in the amelioration of food quality.

Luminescent Analysis of ATP: Modern Objects and Processes for Sensing

“…Evaluation of efficiency of cleanliness of food contact surfaces [19] Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus (microbial contamination of food contact surfaces before and after treatments by sanitizers) ATP-bioluminescence allows revealing contamination and the degree of cleanliness of food contact surfaces with efficiency better than conventional methods.…”

“…This method of analysis's application to detect the presence of various microorganisms is interesting and diverse, and it should be noted in the field of sanitary control of various objects. Here, ATP sensing is used to analyze various surfaces in hospitals and places intended for short-term stay of patients [4,5,9,10,14,15], surfaces of instruments used for examination and treatments of patients [7,8,11,12], and also as tools and places for slicing and cooking of food products [19,20], where sanitation is important for human health. The express analysis in real time and sensitivity of the bioluminescent determination of ATP, as well as the amount of total information obtained, make it possible to assess the degree of contamination by microbial cells from different points of examination, identify the main sites of cell pollutions and monitor the effectiveness of methods and reagents used for sanitary treatment.…”

Controlling of foodborne pathogen biofilms on stainless steel by bacteriophages: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Physical methods encompass abrasive materials, high-pressure water jets, irradiation, and ultrasonic cleaning to remove or disrupt the biofilm [ [54] , [55] , [56] ]. Even though physical methods are effective, their application in the food industry has drawbacks [ [57] , [58] , [59] ]. For example, using radiation for sterilization has received low customer acceptance, and ultrasound has a low potential for decontamination ([ 60 , 61 , 62 ]).…”

Bioactive polysaccharides from Aegle marmelos fruit: Recent trends on extraction, bio‐techno functionality, and food applications

“…The demand for safe and healthy food products is increasing globally due to consumer lifestyle changes, urbanization, and technological advancements (Altemimi et al., 2022 ; Onyeaka et al., 2022 ; Tripathi et al., 2021 ). The demand for fruits and vegetables is growing enormously as they contain various vital components, including minerals, vitamins, polyphenols, and polysaccharides, associated with several health benefits (Hou et al., 2019 ; Nie et al., 2023 ).…”