Evaluation of body painful areas in patients with muscular temporomandibular disorder: a retrospective study

Correia, Luci Mara França; Guimarães, Antônio Sérgio Alfredo; Teixeira, Magaly Gêmio; Rodrigues, Luciane Lacerda Franco Rocha

doi:10.5935/1806-0013.20150050

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In a similar analysis, Pozzebon et al As said before, the cervical function was impaired in the great majority of the patients with TMD, demonstrating the proximity there is between these two conditions. Such relation is also mentioned by other authors, who stated that most of the patients with TMD presented pain in other parts of the body, of which the cervical region was the most affected; this finding is of great relevance for clinical practice 7,32,33 . Hence, analyzing the results of this likely association in the present research, it was observed that, even though there was no statistical significance (p = 0.178), the cervical disability is aggravated in the proportion that TMD severity is increased; i.e., patients with severe or moderate TMD tend to present greater cervical impairment than patients with mild TMD (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Association between severity of the temporomandibular disorder, neck pain, and mandibular function impairment

et al. 2020

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Purpose: to investigate the possible association between the severity of the temporomandibular disorder, cervical pain, and mandibular function impairment. Methods: is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, conducted with 32 individuals with temporomandibular disorder, categorized by degree of severity, according to the Fonseca Index. Using the diagnosis criteria for temporomandibular disorder, the likely etiological factors for the disorder were established, as well as the intensity of the functional disability, resulting from cervical pain and of the mandibular impairment. The data obtained were statistically treated, adopting the significance level of 5%. Results: the mean age was 33.8 years, 90.6% being females. As for the degree of disorder, 56.3% presented severe TMD, followed by 28.1% showing a moderate one. The myogenic etiology was present in 93.7% of the patients. Cervical pain was present in 90.6% of them, of which, 59.4% presented a mild disability, and 25%, a moderate one. Considering the mandibular function, 46.9% of the patients presented a low, 40.6%, a moderate, and 12.5%, a severe impairment. There was a statistically significant association between cervical pain and mandibular function (p = 0.011). However, although there was an increase in cervical disability and in mandibular impairment as the severity of the TMD also increased, these associations were not statistically significant (p = 0.178 and p = 0.102, respectively). Conclusion: it can be stated that there is a higher prevalence of severe TMD and of myogenic origin, and that cervical pain influences, directly, the mandibular function, which is not necessarily related to the severity of the temporomandibular alteration. Likewise, such severity does not present a relationship to mandibular function impairment either.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Association between severity of the temporomandibular disorder, neck pain, and mandibular function impairment

et al. 2020

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“…If the BD-BCI stimulator's maximum available current for the particular channel is lower than the current that meets any of the above conditions, the stimulation was stopped at that current. After each stimulation delivery, the patient was asked to report the perceived intensity, quality, and location of sensation or movement on the patient's body (the anatomical location was identified using a body map which divided the body surface into 45 compartments; Correia et al, 2015 ). The in vivo stimulation pulses delivered to the brain was measured and qualitatively compared between the commercial and BD-BCI stimulators using a commercial handheld oscilloscope (Siglent Technology, Shenzhen, China) connected in parallel to a stimulating electrode pair.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchtop and bedside validation of a low-cost programmable cortical stimulator in a testbed for bi-directional brain-computer-interface research

et al. 2023

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IntroductionBi-directional brain-computer interfaces (BD-BCI) to restore movement and sensation must achieve concurrent operation of recording and decoding of motor commands from the brain and stimulating the brain with somatosensory feedback.MethodsA custom programmable direct cortical stimulator (DCS) capable of eliciting artificial sensorimotor response was integrated into an embedded BCI system to form a safe, independent, wireless, and battery powered testbed to explore BD-BCI concepts at a low cost. The BD-BCI stimulator output was tested in phantom brain tissue by assessing its ability to deliver electrical stimulation equivalent to an FDA-approved commercial electrical cortical stimulator. Subsequently, the stimulator was tested in an epilepsy patient with subcortical electrocorticographic (ECoG) implants covering the sensorimotor cortex to assess its ability to elicit equivalent responses as the FDA-approved counterpart. Additional safety features (impedance monitoring, artifact mitigation, and passive and active charge balancing mechanisms) were also implemeneted and tested in phantom brain tissue. Finally, concurrent operation with interleaved stimulation and BCI decoding was tested in a phantom brain as a proof-of-concept operation of BD-BCI system.ResultsThe benchtop prototype BD-BCI stimulator's basic output features (current amplitude, pulse frequency, pulse width, train duration) were validated by demonstrating the output-equivalency to an FDA-approved commercial cortical electrical stimulator (R2 > 0.99). Charge-neutral stimulation was demonstrated with pulse-width modulation-based correction algorithm preventing steady state voltage deviation. Artifact mitigation achieved a 64.5% peak voltage reduction. Highly accurate impedance monitoring was achieved with R2 > 0.99 between measured and actual impedance, which in-turn enabled accurate charge density monitoring. An online BCI decoding accuracy of 93.2% between instructional cues and decoded states was achieved while delivering interleaved stimulation. The brain stimulation mapping via ECoG grids in an epilepsy patient showed that the two stimulators elicit equivalent responses.SignificanceThis study demonstrates clinical validation of a fully-programmable electrical stimulator, integrated into an embedded BCI system. This low-cost BD-BCI system is safe and readily applicable as a testbed for BD-BCI research. In particular, it provides an all-inclusive hardware platform that approximates the limitations in a near-future implantable BD-BCI. This successful benchtop/human validation of the programmable electrical stimulator in a BD-BCI system is a critical milestone toward fully-implantable BD-BCI systems.

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“…It is also known that individuals with TMJ are 5.5 times more likely to have pain in other joints 2 , and the most reported areas with concomitant pain were the cervical region followed by the low back, shoulders and lower limbs 18,19 . People with TMDs reported more pain during cervical examination in all directions and it was found that the greater the cervical involvement, the greater the degree of temporomandibular involvement 20,21 . Based on these findings, the inclusion of physical examination of the neck during the examination of patients with TMDs is recomended 20 .…”

Section: Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People with TMDs reported more pain during cervical examination in all directions and it was found that the greater the cervical involvement, the greater the degree of temporomandibular involvement 20,21 . Based on these findings, the inclusion of physical examination of the neck during the examination of patients with TMDs is recomended 20 . It has been found that the severity of temporomandibular symptoms accompanies the severity of cervical spine disorders, but the reverse does not seem to be true.…”

Section: Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities associated with temporomandibular joint disorders and the role of central sensitization: literature review

Conceição¹,

Azevêdo²,

Santos³

et al. 2022

Brazilian Journal of Pain

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder is a musculoskeletal disorder that causes the exacerbation of painful sensation during function and the presence of sensitivity/pain to palpation of the masticatory muscles and/or TMJ. People with pain complaints in the head, neck, shoulder or lower back may present signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders, sharing sleep disturbances, forgetfulness or difficulty concentrating, abdominal pain and differences in fecal consistency. Studies have also shown that TMJ disorders can be associated with emotional distress and multiple comorbidities related to central sensitization (CS). This, in turn, is responsible for producing hypersensitivity to pain, altering the sensory response. The pathophysiology of CS in TMJ disorders is not yet well understood. Thus, it is the scope of this review to synthesize knowledge about the relationship between CS and Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and describe the comorbidities most frequently found in this profile of patients. CONTENTS: TMJ disorders do not seem to occur in isolation. Comorbidities such as migraine, tension headache, fatigue, dizziness, tinnitus and allergies have been reported. Hyperexcitability in central nociceptive processing is part of the pathophysiology of TMJ disorder, which could explain the greater sensitivity to pain in other areas of the body in these individuals, characterizing a CS process. Comorbidities associated with temporomandibular joint disorders and the role of central sensitization: literature reviewComorbidades associadas aos transtornos da articulação temporomandibular e o papel da sensibilização central: revisão de literatura

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Evaluation of body painful areas in patients with muscular temporomandibular disorder: a retrospective study

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Association between severity of the temporomandibular disorder, neck pain, and mandibular function impairment

Association between severity of the temporomandibular disorder, neck pain, and mandibular function impairment

Benchtop and bedside validation of a low-cost programmable cortical stimulator in a testbed for bi-directional brain-computer-interface research

Comorbidities associated with temporomandibular joint disorders and the role of central sensitization: literature review

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