Evaluation of Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D Level in Different Stages of Pregnancy in East Indian Population

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D, serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorus deficiency during pregnancy is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. It is associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm births. Approximately, 99% of the Ca and magnesium in the human body is located in the skeleton. Ca is a essential nutrient and mineral consumed in food and supplements. The mineral is stored bones where it is used to promote strength and support changes and growth throughout life. There is also free Ca in blood used by cells during the normal cellular function. The objective of this study was to assess the role of Ca, phosphorous and vitamin D level in pregnant women at different age groups compare to nonpregnant women in East Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 normal women between 22 and 45 years of age in their first 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and 50 normal nonpregnant women. After 3 months of follow-up, serum levels of vitamin D and Ca and inorganic phosphorous were measured. Written informed consent was obtained from the subjects. Results: The mean age of women in the study group was 25.34 ± 5.40 years; while that in the control group was 25.80 ± 5.90 years. The age of study and control groups was matched. The result shows that serum Ca and inorganic phosphorous in pregnant women lower significantly (P < 0.001), especially in the third trimester as compared to controls. However, vitamin-D levels in pregnant women lower significantly (P < 0.001) at all trimester as compared to controls. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency coupled with Ca and inorganic phosphorous deficiency may found to be highly prevalent in pregnant East Indian women. The decrease in serum vitamin-D, Ca and inorganic phosphorous levels parallels increase in gestational age. This may result from mineral transfer from mother to developing fetus.

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“… State/ union territories Case/million Death/million Total no. of healthy subjects Mean 25(OH)D levels (ng/ml) References Andhra Pradesh 5530 50 1936 18 [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] Assam 2390 6 768 26 [37] , [38] , [39] Bihar 940 4 50 30 [40] Chandigarh 1830 27 878 34 [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] Delhi 8970 249 2919 15 [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] Goa 7520 64 …”