Background: Thyroid hormones are required for normal development as well as regulating metabolism in the adult. Thyroid gland disorders are the second most abundant endocrinal disorders after diabetes. A decreased thyroid hormone adversely affects erythropoietic system causes anaemia. Aim: The Aim and objective of the study was to compare the vitamin B12, Folate and Ferritin with thyroid hormones in hypothyroidism. Methods: In the present study, total 350 samples were included in which 175 were hypothyroid patients and 175 were normal individuals of age group between 15-65 years. Measurements of serum concentrations of Total T3, Total T4, TSH, Vitamin B12, Folate and Ferritin were done using Chemiluminiscence Immunosorbant Assay. Results: Serum TSH levels were significantly increased in Hypothyroidism as compared to normal individual (7.42±1.75 vs 2.72±1.28, p<0.0001*). The total T3 level was significantly decreased in Hypothyroidism in comparison to normal individual (0.43±0.41 vs 1.30±0.29, p<0.0001*). Similarly, total T4 level was significantly decrease in Hypothyroidism in comparison to normal individual (3.60±1.38 vs. 6.62±1.11, p<0.0001*). Level of Vitamin B12 was significantly decreased in Hypothyroidism in comparison to normal individual (210.45±129.30 vs 483.93±264.74, p<0.0001*). Folate was significantly decreased in Hypothyroidism as compared to normal (2.51±0.99 vs 6.67±0.83, p<0.0001*).

Background: Perinatal asphyxia causes multi organ dysfunction resulting in renal (50%) and neurological (28%) compromise with 1.4% of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and almost 20% death in India. Early recognition of acute kidney injury (AKI) is important in babies with HIE to facilitate appropriate fluid and electrolyte management for a stable biochemical milieu is vital.Methods: A prospective case control study was done in Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna between January 2019 and March 2020. 70 term asphyxiated neonates with HIE as cases and 70 healthy neonates as control were taken. AKI on basis of p RIFLE criteria and HIE on the basis of 5 minute APGAR score were determined and correlated.Results: 58.6%cases of AKI with 73% pre renal and 61% non-oliguric type were found in asphyxiated neonates with HIE blood urea and serum creatinine values were significantly higher in asphyxiated babies than control group babies (p<0.0001).Conclusions: The extent of AKI is directly proportional to severity of HIE.

Background: Vitamin D, serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorus deficiency during pregnancy is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. It is associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm births. Approximately, 99% of the Ca and magnesium in the human body is located in the skeleton. Ca is a essential nutrient and mineral consumed in food and supplements. The mineral is stored bones where it is used to promote strength and support changes and growth throughout life. There is also free Ca in blood used by cells during the normal cellular function. The objective of this study was to assess the role of Ca, phosphorous and vitamin D level in pregnant women at different age groups compare to nonpregnant women in East Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 normal women between 22 and 45 years of age in their first 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and 50 normal nonpregnant women. After 3 months of follow-up, serum levels of vitamin D and Ca and inorganic phosphorous were measured. Written informed consent was obtained from the subjects. Results: The mean age of women in the study group was 25.34 ± 5.40 years; while that in the control group was 25.80 ± 5.90 years. The age of study and control groups was matched. The result shows that serum Ca and inorganic phosphorous in pregnant women lower significantly (P < 0.001), especially in the third trimester as compared to controls. However, vitamin-D levels in pregnant women lower significantly (P < 0.001) at all trimester as compared to controls. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency coupled with Ca and inorganic phosphorous deficiency may found to be highly prevalent in pregnant East Indian women. The decrease in serum vitamin-D, Ca and inorganic phosphorous levels parallels increase in gestational age. This may result from mineral transfer from mother to developing fetus.

BACKGROUND: Among all other causes of meningitis Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is an endemic disease in developing countries with an incidence of 7 to 21%. But the available methods of diagnosis of TBM have too low sensitivity and specicity. In these situations, Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) estimation has been found to be profoundly useful as it is less time consuming, cost effective and affordable. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic signicance of cerebrospinal uid (CSF) adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in tubercular meningitis (TBM) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Our Study, 200 consecutive medical ward in-patients of Pediatrics department Patna medical college, Patna who had features of meningitis were prospectively enrolled and included in the study after informed consent. RESULTS: Out of 200 patients 112 were males and 88 were females. Cases of tuberculous meningitis constituted 34% of the study group and bacterial and viral meningitis were 22% and 23% respectively. while 21% patients from study group had no any type of meningitis. CSF ADAcutoff of 10 U/Lconsidered in our study has 100% sensitive and 97.06% specic. CONCLUSION: detection of elevated level of ADAin CSF in suspected cases of meningitis in children will be a guide in the diagnosis of TBM so that early treatment will be started and will lead to improved outcome.

Objective: Meningitis is life-threatening condition and examination of the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may not give a precise diagnosis and prognosis of different types of meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is still a very common problem especially in many developing countries. The aims of study are to estimate the importance and significance of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), protein and sugar in CSF of different types of meningitis. Methods: A total of 160 cases, aged between 1 month and 60 years, including patients with bacterial meningitis (n=50), pyogenic meningitis (n=46), viral meningitis (n=24) and a control group (n=40), were analyzed on the basis of data from the initial clinical examinations. Results: Significant increase in LDH level (P<0.001) were observed in the test group when compared to the control group. The LDH activity was significantly elevated in the CSF and serum (p < 0.001) in cases of pyogenic (PM) as well as tuberculosis meningitis (TBM). Bacterial meningitis is more common than non bacterial meningitis. The enzymatic activity of LDH although significantly raised in PM compared to TBM but there was no cutoff level to differentiate them. The LDH level did rise quite significantly in pyogenic meningitis.